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(Created page with "{{Hatnote|This page is a copy of a [//docs.google.com/document/d/1NejN53Xu3a0e49OFylMg4Y5tzEvF_0kqMt2oYtQuMxA/preview Google Doc], with links added.}} {{tok|toki ilo pona}} (<code>.tok</code>) is a programming language. It was designed by {{tok|kulupu Menasewi}} on August 14, 2023. It is based on Toki Pona, a constructed human language by Sonja Lang. It takes inspiration from prior art on the wiki Esolang, mainly {{tok|[[toki pi ilo nanpa]...")
 
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{{Hatnote|This page is a copy of a [//docs.google.com/document/d/1NejN53Xu3a0e49OFylMg4Y5tzEvF_0kqMt2oYtQuMxA/preview Google Doc], with links added.}}
{{tok title|toki ilo pona}}{{Hatnote|This page is a copy of a [//docs.google.com/document/d/1NejN53Xu3a0e49OFylMg4Y5tzEvF_0kqMt2oYtQuMxA/preview Google Doc], with links added.}}


{{tok|toki ilo pona}} (<code>.tok</code>) is a [[programming language]]. It was designed by [[User:Menasewi|{{tok|kulupu Menasewi}}]] on August 14, 2023.
{{tok|toki ilo pona}} (<code>{{tok|.tok}}</code>) is a [[programming language]]. It was designed by [[User:Menasewi|{{tok|kulupu Menasewi}}]] on August 14, 2023.


It is based on [[Toki Pona]], a constructed human language by [[Sonja Lang]]. It takes inspiration from prior art on the wiki Esolang, mainly {{tok|[[toki pi ilo nanpa]]}}, while trying to be closer to the spirit of Toki Pona.
It is based on [[Toki Pona]], a constructed human language by [[Sonja Lang]]. It takes inspiration from prior art on the wiki Esolang, mainly {{tok|[[toki pi ilo nanpa]]}}, while trying to be closer to the spirit of Toki Pona.
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37 keywords and one alias are used:
37 keywords and one alias are used:


<code>[[ala|{{tok|ala}}]] [[ale|{{tok|ale}}]]~[[ali|{{tok|ali}}]] [[ante|{{tok|ante}}]] [[anu|{{tok|anu}}]] [[awen|{{tok|awen}}]] [[e|{{tok|e}}]] [[jasima|{{tok|jasima}}]] [[kepeken|{{tok|kepeken}}]] [[la|{{tok|la}}]] [[li|{{tok|li}}]] [[lili|{{tok|lili}}]] [[lon|{{tok|lon}}]] [[luka|{{tok|luka}}]] [[mute|{{tok|mute}}]] [[nanpa|{{tok|nanpa}}]] [[ni|{{tok|ni}}]] [[nimi|{{tok|nimi}}]] [[o|{{tok|o}}]] [[pakala|{{tok|pakala}}]] [[kin|{{tok|kin}}]] [[suli|{{tok|suli}}]] [[te|{{tok|te}}]] [[to|{{tok|to}}]] [[toki|{{tok|toki}}]] [[tu|{{tok|tu}}]] [[wan|{{tok|wan}}]] [[weka|{{tok|weka}}]]</code>
<code>{{tok|[[ala|{{tok|ala}}]] [[ale|{{tok|ale}}]]~[[ali|{{tok|ali}}]] [[ante|{{tok|ante}}]] [[anu|{{tok|anu}}]] [[awen|{{tok|awen}}]] [[e|{{tok|e}}]] [[jasima|{{tok|jasima}}]] [[kepeken|{{tok|kepeken}}]] [[la|{{tok|la}}]] [[li|{{tok|li}}]] [[lili|{{tok|lili}}]] [[lon|{{tok|lon}}]] [[luka|{{tok|luka}}]] [[mute|{{tok|mute}}]] [[nanpa|{{tok|nanpa}}]] [[ni|{{tok|ni}}]] [[nimi|{{tok|nimi}}]] [[o|{{tok|o}}]] [[pakala|{{tok|pakala}}]] [[kin|{{tok|kin}}]] [[suli|{{tok|suli}}]] [[te|{{tok|te}}]] [[to|{{tok|to}}]] [[toki|{{tok|toki}}]] [[tu|{{tok|tu}}]] [[wan|{{tok|wan}}]] [[weka|{{tok|weka}}]]}}</code>




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Print:
Print:


{{Indent|<code>o toki e ''[value]''</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|o toki e ''[value]''}}</code>}}




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Many commands allow repeating the argument marker. (In Latin text, it is conventional to separate arguments with a comma.) Print two things in one command:
Many commands allow repeating the argument marker. (In Latin text, it is conventional to separate arguments with a comma.) Print two things in one command:


{{Indent|<code>o toki e ''[value]'', e ''[value]''</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|o toki e ''[value]'', e ''[value]''}}</code>}}






Commands are heavily limited in their syntax, but most can be joined. <code>ni</code> references the subject of the following command, which is run first. (In Latin text, it is conventional to end <code>ni</code> commands with a colon.)
Commands are heavily limited in their syntax, but most can be joined. <code>{{tok|ni}}</code> references the subject of the following command, which is run first. (In Latin text, it is conventional to end <code>{{tok|ni}}</code> commands with a colon.)




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Initialize or set a variable:
Initialize or set a variable:


{{Indent|<code>''[type]'' ''[Name]'' o ''[value]''</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|''[type]'' ''[Name]'' o ''[value]''}}</code>}}


The variable name can be multiple words. (It should also follow Toki Pona [[phonotactics]].) In Latin text, each word must start with an uppercase letter. In Sitelen Pona, the whole name must be written in a cartouche.
The variable name can be multiple words. (It should also follow Toki Pona [[phonotactics]].) In Latin text, each word must start with an uppercase letter. In Sitelen Pona, the whole name must be written in a cartouche.
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==Values==
==Values==


A value can be preceded by its type with no change in meaning. For a numeric example, <code>ala</code> is equivalent to <code>nanpa ala</code>.
A value can be preceded by its type with no change in meaning. For a numeric example, <code>{{tok|ala}}</code> is equivalent to <code>{{tok|nanpa ala}}</code>.


If the name is excluded from a variable declaration, the command will serve as a temporary value that can be substituted back into <code>ni</code>.
If the name is excluded from a variable declaration, the command will serve as a temporary value that can be substituted back into <code>{{tok|ni}}</code>.




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==Data types==
==Data types==


===<code>lon</code>===
===<code>{{tok|lon}}</code>===


The <code>lon</code> type stores a boolean. The boolean true is <code>lon</code>.
The <code>{{tok|lon}}</code> type stores a boolean. The boolean true is <code>{{tok|lon}}</code>.


The boolean false is <code>ala</code>. Because a value can be preceded by its type, <code>lon ala</code> also works.
The boolean false is <code>{{tok|ala}}</code>. Because a value can be preceded by its type, <code>{{tok|lon ala}}</code> also works.






The not operator is <code>''[boolean]'' ala</code>.
The not operator is <code>{{tok|''[boolean]'' ala}}</code>.


The or operator is <code>''[boolean]'' anu ''[boolean]''</code>.
The or operator is <code>{{tok|''[boolean]'' anu ''[boolean]''}}</code>.






===<code>nanpa</code>===
===<code>{{tok|nanpa}}</code>===


The <code>nanpa</code> type stores an integer. <code>ala</code> is 0.
The <code>{{tok|nanpa}}</code> type stores an integer. <code>{{tok|ala}}</code> is 0.


Other integers are formed with Toki Pona [[numerals]], additive from highest to lowest value.
Other integers are formed with Toki Pona [[numerals]], additive from highest to lowest value.


*<code>ale</code> or <code>ali</code>: 100
*<code>{{tok|ale}}</code> or <code>{{tok|ali}}</code>: 100


*<code>mute</code>: 20
*<code>{{tok|mute}}</code>: 20


*<code>luka</code>: 5
*<code>{{tok|luka}}</code>: 5


*<code>tu</code>: 2
*<code>{{tok|tu}}</code>: 2


*<code>wan</code>: 1
*<code>{{tok|wan}}</code>: 1


A negative number is formed with <code>jasima</code> at the end.
A negative number is formed with <code>{{tok|jasima}}</code> at the end.






An addend is formed with <code>kin</code> after it. Increment a variable:
An addend is formed with <code>{{tok|kin}}</code> after it. Increment a variable:


{{Indent|<code>nanpa ''[Name]'' o wan kin</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa ''[Name]'' o wan kin}}</code>}}


Print the sum of 1 + 2:
Print the sum of 1 + 2:


{{Indent|<code>o toki e ni: nanpa o wan, o tu kin</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|o toki e ni: nanpa o wan, o tu kin}}</code>}}


(Out:{{Indent|<code>tu wan</code>}})
(Out:{{Indent|<code>{{tok|tu wan}}</code>}})




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A boolean is treated as a one-bit number. Cast a boolean to ala or wan:
A boolean is treated as a one-bit number. Cast a boolean to ala or wan:


{{Indent|<code>nanpa ''[Name]'' o ''[boolean]''</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa ''[Name]'' o ''[boolean]''}}</code>}}


Casting a number to a boolean yields <code>ala</code> if it is 0, and <code>lon</code> otherwise.
Casting a number to a boolean yields <code>{{tok|ala}}</code> if it is 0, and <code>{{tok|lon}}</code> otherwise.






===<code>nimi</code>===
===<code>{{tok|nimi}}</code>===


The <code>nimi</code> type stores a string. Strings are delimited with <code>te … to</code>. Outer whitespace is trimmed. If the string continues to the end of the line, the <code>to</code> can be dropped.
The <code>{{tok|nimi}}</code> type stores a string. Strings are delimited with <code>{{tok|te … to}}</code>. Outer whitespace is trimmed. If the string continues to the end of the line, the <code>{{tok|to}}</code> can be dropped.


A string that concatenates onto a previous one is formed with <code>kin</code> after it.
A string that concatenates onto a previous one is formed with <code>{{tok|kin}}</code> after it.




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Hello, World!:
Hello, World!:


{{Indent|<code>o toki e te toki, ma o!</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|o toki e te toki, ma o!}}</code>}}


(Out:{{Indent|<code>toki, ma o!</code>}})
(Out:{{Indent|<code>{{tok|toki, ma o!}}</code>}})




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Cast a boolean to its name:
Cast a boolean to its name:


{{Indent|<code>nimi ''[Name]'' o ''[boolean]''</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nimi ''[Name]'' o ''[boolean]''}}</code>}}


Casting a string to a boolean yields <code>ala</code> if it is empty, and <code>lon</code> otherwise.
Casting a string to a boolean yields <code>{{tok|ala}}</code> if it is empty, and <code>{{tok|lon}}</code> otherwise.




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Cast a number to a string:
Cast a number to a string:


{{Indent|<code>nimi ''[Name]'' o ''[number]''</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nimi ''[Name]'' o ''[number]''}}</code>}}




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Character at position <var>i</var>:
Character at position <var>i</var>:


{{Indent|<code>nimi ''[Name]'' o ''[string]'' nanpa I</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nimi ''[Name]'' o ''[string]'' nanpa I}}</code>}}






Here, <code>suli</code> can be used here as a number corresponding to the string's length. This string–number trick can cast to a number representing the index:
Here, <code>{{tok|suli}}</code> can be used here as a number corresponding to the string's length. This string–number trick can cast to a number representing the index:


{{Indent|<code>nanpa ''[Name]'' o ''[string]'' nanpa suli</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa ''[Name]'' o ''[string]'' nanpa suli}}</code>}}


Penultimate character:
Penultimate character:


{{Indent|<code>nimi ''[Name]'' o ''[string]'' ni: nanpa o suli, o wan jasima kin</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nimi ''[Name]'' o ''[string]'' ni: nanpa o suli, o wan jasima kin}}</code>}}






===<code>pakala</code>===
===<code>{{tok|pakala}}</code>===


<code>pakala</code> throws an error with a stack trace when used, unless a variable of its type is defined. Define a custom error message and throw it later:
<code>{{tok|pakala}}</code> throws an error with a stack trace when used, unless a variable of its type is defined. Define a custom error message and throw it later:


{{Indent|<code>pakala ''[Name]'' o ''[string]''</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|pakala ''[Name]'' o ''[string]''}}</code>}}


{{Indent|<code>o pakala ''[Name]''</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|o pakala ''[Name]''}}</code>}}






Built-in commands also use <code>pakala</code>. For example, if a string that does not represent a number is cast to a number, it throws <code>pakala</code>.
Built-in commands also use <code>{{tok|pakala}}</code>. For example, if a string that does not represent a number is cast to a number, it throws <code>{{tok|pakala}}</code>.




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==Control flow==
==Control flow==


Control flow uses <code>la</code>.
Control flow uses <code>{{tok|la}}</code>.




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If–else conditional:
If–else conditional:


{{Indent|<code>''[condition]'' la</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|''[condition]'' la}}</code>}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>''[then]''</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|''[then]''}}</code>}}}}


{{Indent|<code>ante la</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|ante la}}</code>}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>''[else]''</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|''[else]''}}</code>}}}}






<code>ni</code> cannot be used in the condition.
<code>{{tok|ni}}</code> cannot be used in the condition.




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Values can only be compared in a condition.
Values can only be compared in a condition.


={{Indent|<code>''[value]'' li sama ''[value]'' la</code>}}
={{Indent|<code>{{tok|''[value]'' li sama ''[value]'' la}}</code>}}


≠{{Indent|<code>''[value]'' li sama ala ''[value]'' la</code>}}
≠{{Indent|<code>{{tok|''[value]'' li sama ala ''[value]'' la}}</code>}}


<{{Indent|<code>''[value]'' li lili tawa ''[value]'' la</code>}}
<{{Indent|<code>{{tok|''[value]'' li lili tawa ''[value]'' la}}</code>}}


>{{Indent|<code>''[value]'' li suli tawa ''[value]'' la</code>}}
>{{Indent|<code>{{tok|''[value]'' li suli tawa ''[value]'' la}}</code>}}


≤{{Indent|<code>''[value]'' li suli ala tawa ''[value]'' la</code>}}
≤{{Indent|<code>{{tok|''[value]'' li suli ala tawa ''[value]'' la}}</code>}}


≥{{Indent|<code>''[value]'' li lili ala tawa ''[value]'' la</code>}}
≥{{Indent|<code>{{tok|''[value]'' li lili ala tawa ''[value]'' la}}</code>}}




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===Loops===
===Loops===


<code>o awen·</code> loops from the head of the latest block. It retries the condition, then continues down the corresponding branch.
<code>{{tok|o awen·}}</code> loops from the head of the latest block. It retries the condition, then continues down the corresponding branch.




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The for loop can be implemented as a "while <var>i</var> meets a comparison" loop:
The for loop can be implemented as a "while <var>i</var> meets a comparison" loop:


{{Indent|<code>nanpa I o ''[min]''</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa I o ''[min]''}}</code>}}


{{Indent|<code>nanpa I li suli ala tawa ''[max]'' la</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa I li suli ala tawa ''[max]'' la}}</code>}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>''[commands]''</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|''[commands]''}}</code>}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>nanpa I o wan kin</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa I o wan kin}}</code>}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>o awen</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|o awen}}</code>}}}}




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Infinite loop:
Infinite loop:


{{Indent|<code>lon la</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|lon la}}</code>}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>''[commands]''</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|''[commands]''}}</code>}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>o awen</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|o awen}}</code>}}}}






<code>o weka·</code> breaks out of a block.
<code>{{tok|o weka·}}</code> breaks out of a block.




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Function definition:
Function definition:


{{Indent|<code>nasin ''[Name]'' kepeken ''[argument]'' la</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nasin ''[Name]'' kepeken ''[argument]'' la}}</code>}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>''[commands]''</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|''[commands]''}}</code>}}}}


A function can have multiple arguments.
A function can have multiple arguments.
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Invoke a function:
Invoke a function:


{{Indent|<code>o nasin ''[Name]'' e ''[argument]''</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|o nasin ''[Name]'' e ''[argument]''}}</code>}}


A function must be defined before the place it is invoked. Otherwise, the computer will be confused because you haven't given it [[context]] for what the function is.
A function must be defined before the place it is invoked. Otherwise, the computer will be confused because you haven't given it [[context]] for what the function is.
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<code>''[value]'' o weka·</code> returns a value.
<code>{{tok|''[value]'' o weka·}}</code> returns a value.




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{{Indent|<code>nasin Leko kepeken nanpa Tenpo, kepeken nanpa Suli, la</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nasin Leko kepeken nanpa Tenpo, kepeken nanpa Suli, la}}</code>}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>lon Jasima o ala</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|lon Jasima o ala}}</code>}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>nanpa Tenpo li lili tawa ala la</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa Tenpo li lili tawa ala la}}</code>}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>nanpa Tenpo o nanpa Tenpo jasima</code>}}}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa Tenpo o nanpa Tenpo jasima}}</code>}}}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>lon Jasima o lon</code>}}}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|lon Jasima o lon}}</code>}}}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>nanpa Leko o ala</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa Leko o ala}}</code>}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>nanpa Tenpo li suli tawa ala la</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa Tenpo li suli tawa ala la}}</code>}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>nanpa Leko o nanpa Suli kin</code>}}}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa Leko o nanpa Suli kin}}</code>}}}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>nanpa Tenpo o wan jasima kin</code>}}}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa Tenpo o wan jasima kin}}</code>}}}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>o awen</code>}}}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|o awen}}</code>}}}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>lon Jasima la</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|lon Jasima la}}</code>}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>nanpa Leko o nanpa Leko jasima</code>}}}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa Leko o nanpa Leko jasima}}</code>}}}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>nanpa Leko o weka</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa Leko o weka}}</code>}}}}






{{Indent|<code>o toki e ni: o nasin Leko e luka luka tu, e luka luka</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|o toki e ni: o nasin Leko e luka luka tu, e luka luka}}</code>}}






{{Indent|<code>nasin Patowijo kepeken nanpa Suli la</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nasin Patowijo kepeken nanpa Suli la}}</code>}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>nanpa Suli li lili tawa ala la</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa Suli li lili tawa ala la}}</code>}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>o pakala te nanpa Suli li ken ala lili tawa ala</code>}}}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|o pakala te nanpa Suli li ken ala lili tawa ala}}</code>}}}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>nanpa Suli li suli ala tawa wan la</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa Suli li suli ala tawa wan la}}</code>}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>wan o weka</code>}}}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|wan o weka}}</code>}}}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>nanpa Suli o wan jasima kin</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa Suli o wan jasima kin}}</code>}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>nanpa o nasin Leko e nanpa Suli, e ni, o weka:</code>}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|nanpa o nasin Leko e nanpa Suli, e ni, o weka:}}</code>}}}}


{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>o nasin Patowijo e nanpa Suli</code>}}}}}}
{{Indent|{{Indent|{{Indent|<code>{{tok|o nasin Patowijo e nanpa Suli}}</code>}}}}}}






{{Indent|<code>o toki e ni: o nasin Patowijo e luka</code>}}
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|o toki e ni: o nasin Patowijo e luka}}</code>}}






(Out:{{Indent|<code>ale mute</code>}}
(Out:{{Indent|<code>{{tok|ale mute}}</code>}}


{{Indent|<code>ale mute</code>}})
{{Indent|<code>{{tok|ale mute}}</code>}})




Revision as of 06:05, 10 November 2023

This page is a copy of a Google Doc, with links added.

toki ilo pona (.tok) is a programming language. It was designed by kulupu Menasewi on August 14, 2023.

It is based on Toki Pona, a constructed human language by Sonja Lang. It takes inspiration from prior art on the wiki Esolang, mainly toki pi ilo nanpa, while trying to be closer to the spirit of Toki Pona.

toki ilo pona can be written in Latin text, separating words with spaces. Or, it can be written with Sitelen Pona glyphs. As of writing, these are encoded in the UCSUR. (If they are ever added to Unicode, those codepoints should also be supported.)


Keywords

37 keywords and one alias are used:

ala ale~ali ante anu awen e jasima kepeken la li lili lon luka mute nanpa ni nimi o pakala kin suli te to toki tu wan weka


Commands

A command ends at the end of a line, or at a period, interpunct, colon, exclamation point, or question mark. Other punctuation and glyph combiners are ignored outside of a string.


Print:

o toki e [value]


Many commands allow repeating the argument marker. (In Latin text, it is conventional to separate arguments with a comma.) Print two things in one command:

o toki e [value], e [value]


Commands are heavily limited in their syntax, but most can be joined. ni references the subject of the following command, which is run first. (In Latin text, it is conventional to end ni commands with a colon.)


Variables

Initialize or set a variable:

[type] [Name] o [value]

The variable name can be multiple words. (It should also follow Toki Pona phonotactics.) In Latin text, each word must start with an uppercase letter. In Sitelen Pona, the whole name must be written in a cartouche.

The type is treated as a part of the variable name, and always goes before it. This means that variables of different types can share a name, if absolutely necessary.


Values

A value can be preceded by its type with no change in meaning. For a numeric example, ala is equivalent to nanpa ala.

If the name is excluded from a variable declaration, the command will serve as a temporary value that can be substituted back into ni.


Data types

lon

The lon type stores a boolean. The boolean true is lon.

The boolean false is ala. Because a value can be preceded by its type, lon ala also works.


The not operator is [boolean] ala.

The or operator is [boolean] anu [boolean].


nanpa

The nanpa type stores an integer. ala is 0.

Other integers are formed with Toki Pona numerals, additive from highest to lowest value.

  • ale or ali: 100
  • mute: 20
  • luka: 5
  • tu: 2
  • wan: 1

A negative number is formed with jasima at the end.


An addend is formed with kin after it. Increment a variable:

nanpa [Name] o wan kin

Print the sum of 1 + 2:

o toki e ni: nanpa o wan, o tu kin

(Out:

tu wan

)


A boolean is treated as a one-bit number. Cast a boolean to ala or wan:

nanpa [Name] o [boolean]

Casting a number to a boolean yields ala if it is 0, and lon otherwise.


nimi

The nimi type stores a string. Strings are delimited with te … to. Outer whitespace is trimmed. If the string continues to the end of the line, the to can be dropped.

A string that concatenates onto a previous one is formed with kin after it.


Hello, World!:

o toki e te toki, ma o!

(Out:

toki, ma o!

)


Cast a boolean to its name:

nimi [Name] o [boolean]

Casting a string to a boolean yields ala if it is empty, and lon otherwise.


Cast a number to a string:

nimi [Name] o [number]


Following a string with a number returns the character at that index. Strings are one-indexed.

Character at position i:

nimi [Name] o [string] nanpa I


Here, suli can be used here as a number corresponding to the string's length. This string–number trick can cast to a number representing the index:

nanpa [Name] o [string] nanpa suli

Penultimate character:

nimi [Name] o [string] ni: nanpa o suli, o wan jasima kin


pakala

pakala throws an error with a stack trace when used, unless a variable of its type is defined. Define a custom error message and throw it later:

pakala [Name] o [string]
o pakala [Name]


Built-in commands also use pakala. For example, if a string that does not represent a number is cast to a number, it throws pakala.


Control flow

Control flow uses la.


Tabs are used to indent code blocks.

If–else conditional:

[condition] la
[then]
ante la
[else]


ni cannot be used in the condition.


Comparison

Values can only be compared in a condition.

=

[value] li sama [value] la

≠

[value] li sama ala [value] la

<

[value] li lili tawa [value] la

>

[value] li suli tawa [value] la

≤

[value] li suli ala tawa [value] la

≥

[value] li lili ala tawa [value] la


Loops

o awen· loops from the head of the latest block. It retries the condition, then continues down the corresponding branch.


The for loop can be implemented as a "while i meets a comparison" loop:

nanpa I o [min]
nanpa I li suli ala tawa [max] la
[commands]
nanpa I o wan kin
o awen


Infinite loop:

lon la
[commands]
o awen


o weka· breaks out of a block.


Functions

Function definition:

nasin [Name] kepeken [argument] la
[commands]

A function can have multiple arguments.

Functions with different argument types can share a name.


Invoke a function:

o nasin [Name] e [argument]

A function must be defined before the place it is invoked. Otherwise, the computer will be confused because you haven't given it context for what the function is.


[value] o weka· returns a value.


Print the product of 12 × 10, then the factorial 5!:


nasin Leko kepeken nanpa Tenpo, kepeken nanpa Suli, la
lon Jasima o ala
nanpa Tenpo li lili tawa ala la
nanpa Tenpo o nanpa Tenpo jasima
lon Jasima o lon
nanpa Leko o ala
nanpa Tenpo li suli tawa ala la
nanpa Leko o nanpa Suli kin
nanpa Tenpo o wan jasima kin
o awen
lon Jasima la
nanpa Leko o nanpa Leko jasima
nanpa Leko o weka


o toki e ni: o nasin Leko e luka luka tu, e luka luka


nasin Patowijo kepeken nanpa Suli la
nanpa Suli li lili tawa ala la
o pakala te nanpa Suli li ken ala lili tawa ala
nanpa Suli li suli ala tawa wan la
wan o weka
nanpa Suli o wan jasima kin
nanpa o nasin Leko e nanpa Suli, e ni, o weka:
o nasin Patowijo e nanpa Suli


o toki e ni: o nasin Patowijo e luka


(Out:

ale mute
ale mute

)


English translation:


as for Rectangle-method using Times-number and Size-number
Mirror-truth, be false
if Times-number is small to zero
Times-number, be mirrored Times-number
Mirror-truth, be true
Rectangle-number, be zero
if Times-number is big to zero
Rectangle-number, be also Size-number
Times-number, be also mirrored one
continue
if Mirror-truth
Rectangle-number, be mirrored Rectangle-number
Rectangle-number, leave


say this: Rectangle-method twelve and ten


as for Factorial-method using Size-number
if Size-number is small to zero
"Size-number cannot be small to zero"-error
if Size-number is not big to one
one, leave
Size-number, be also mirrored one
number, Rectangle-method Size-number and this, and leave:
Factorial-method Size-number


say this: Factorial-method five


(Out:

hundred twenty
hundred twenty

)

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