Cognates: Difference between revisions

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|{{tp|ale / ali}}
|{{tp|ale / ali}}
|all
|all
|Through Dutch ''alle''
|Through Dutch {{lang|nl|''alle''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|en}}
|{{tp|en}}
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|{{tp|kama}}
|{{tp|kama}}
|come (up)
|come (up)
|Possibly through Tok Pisin ''kamap''
|Possibly through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''kamap''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|ken}}
|{{tp|ken}}
|can
|can
|Possibly through Tok Pisin ''ken''
|Possibly through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''ken''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|ko}}
|{{tp|ko}}
|goo
|goo
|Actually from Cantonese 膏 ''gou<sup>1</sup>''
|Actually from Cantonese {{lang|yue|膏 ''gou<sup>1</sup>''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|kule}}
|{{tp|kule}}
|colo(u)r
|colo(u)r
|Through Acadian French ''couleur''
|Through Acadian French {{lang|fr-u-sd-canb|''couleur''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|kulupu}}
|{{tp|kulupu}}
|group
|group
|Through Tongan ''kulupu''
|Through Tongan {{lang|to|''kulupu''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|lili}}
|{{tp|lili}}
|little
|little
|Actually from Tok Pisin ''liklik''
|Actually from Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''liklik''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|linja}}
|{{tp|linja}}
|line, linear
|line, linear
|Through Finnish ''linja''
|Through Finnish {{lang|fi|''linja''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|lipu}}
|{{tp|lipu}}
|library, leaf
|library, leaf
|Actually from Finnish ''lippu''
|Actually from Finnish {{lang|fi|''lippu''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|lon}}
|{{tp|lon}}
|along, on
|along, on
|Through Tok Pisin ''long''
|Through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''long''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|lukin}}
|{{tp|lukin}}
|look(ing)
|look(ing)
|Through Tok Pisin ''lukim''
|Through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''lukim''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|lupa}}
|{{tp|lupa}}
|loop<ref group="note">There is a hole in the middle of a loop.</ref>
|loop<ref group="lower-alpha">There is a hole in the middle of a loop.</ref>
|Through Lojban ''clupa'' <references group="note" />
|Through Lojban {{lang|jbo|''clupa''}} <references group="lower-alpha" />
|-
|-
|{{tp|mama}}
|{{tp|mama}}
|mama
|mama
|Actually from Georgian მამა ''mama''
|Actually from Georgian {{lang|ka|მამა ''mama''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|mani}}
|{{tp|mani}}
|money
|money
|Possibly through Tok Pisin ''mani''
|Possibly through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''mani''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|meli}}
|{{tp|meli}}
|Mary
|Mary
|Through Tok Pisin ''meri''
|Through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''meri''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|mi}}
|{{tp|mi}}
|me
|me
|Also through Esperanto ''mi''
|Also through Esperanto {{lang|eo|''mi''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|moli}}
|{{tp|moli}}
|mort
|mort
|Through Acadian French ''mourir''
|Through Acadian French {{lang|fr-u-sd-canb|''mourir''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|mu}}
|{{tp|mu}}
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|{{tp|mute}}
|{{tp|mute}}
|much, multi(ple)
|much, multi(ple)
|Through Esperanto ''multe''
|Through Esperanto {{lang|eo|''multe''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|nanpa}}
|{{tp|nanpa}}
|number
|number
|Through Tok Pisin ''namba''
|Through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''namba''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|nimi}}
|{{tp|nimi}}
|name
|name
|From Finnish ''nimi'', which may be related
|From Finnish {{lang|fi|''nimi''}}, which may be related
|-
|-
|{{tp|o}}
|{{tp|o}}
|O<ref group="note">Archaic vocative particle, as in "O Canada"</ref>
|O<ref group="lower-alpha">Archaic vocative particle, as in "O Canada"</ref>
|Also from Georgian -ო ''-o'' <references group="note" />
|Also from Georgian {{lang|ka|-ო ''-o''}} <references group="lower-alpha" />
|-
|-
|{{tp|open}}
|{{tp|open}}
|open
|open
|Possibly also through Dutch ''open''
|Possibly also through Dutch {{lang|nl|''open''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|pakala}}
|{{tp|pakala}}
|bugger up
|bugger up
|Through Tok Pisin ''bagarap''
|Through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''bagarap''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|pan}}
|{{tp|pan}}
|panini, pantry<ref group="note">Where bread is stored</ref><span style="display:none;"><ref group="note">''Companion'' also etymologically means a messmate, a person with whom one would share bread.</ref></span>
|panini, pantry<ref group="lower-alpha">Where bread is stored</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">''Companion'' also etymologically means a messmate, a person with whom one would share bread.</ref>
|Through Romance words inherited from Latin ''pānis'' <references group="note" />
|Through Romance words inherited from Latin ''pānis'' <references group="lower-alpha" />
|-
|-
|{{tp|pi}}
|{{tp|pi}}
|belong
|belong
|Through Tok Pisin ''bilong''. Misleading, as {{tp|pi}} does not mark possession.
|Through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''bilong''}}. Misleading, as {{tp|pi}} does not mark possession.
|-
|-
|{{tp|pilin}}
|{{tp|pilin}}
|feel(ing)
|feel(ing)
|Through Tok Pisin ''pilim''
|Through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''pilim''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|pini}}
|{{tp|pini}}
|finish
|finish
|Through Acadian French ''fini''
|Through Acadian French {{lang|fr-u-sd-canb|''fini''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|poki}}
|{{tp|poki}}
|box
|box
|Through Tok Pisin ''bokis''
|Through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''bokis''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|pona}}
|{{tp|pona}}
|boon, bonus
|boon, bonus
|Through Esperanto ''bona''
|Through Esperanto {{lang|eo|''bona''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|pu}}
|{{tp|pu}}
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|{{tp|sama}}
|{{tp|sama}}
|same
|same
|Through Esperanto and Finnish ''sama''
|Through Esperanto and Finnish {{lang|fi|''sama''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|selo}}
|{{tp|selo}}
|shell
|shell
|Through Esperanto ''ŝelo''
|Through Esperanto {{lang|eo|''ŝelo''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|sike}}
|{{tp|sike}}
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|{{tp|suno}}
|{{tp|suno}}
|sun
|sun
|Through Esperanto ''suno''
|Through Esperanto {{lang|eo|''suno''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|suwi}}
|{{tp|suwi}}
|sweet
|sweet
|Through Tok Pisin ''swit''
|Through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''swit''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|taso}}
|{{tp|taso}}
|that's all
|that's all
|Through Tok Pisin ''tasol''
|Through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''tasol''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|tawa}}
|{{tp|tawa}}
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|{{tp|tenpo}}
|{{tp|tenpo}}
|tempo(ral), tense
|tempo(ral), tense
|Through Esperanto ''tempo''
|Through Esperanto {{lang|eo|''tempo''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|toki}}
|{{tp|toki}}
|talk
|talk
|Through Tok Pisin ''tok''
|Through Tok Pisin {{lang|tpi|''tok''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|tomo}}
|{{tp|tomo}}
|dom(icil)e, dorm(itory)
|dom(icil)e, dorm(itory)
|Through Esperanto ''domo''
|Through Esperanto {{lang|eo|''domo''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|tu}}
|{{tp|tu}}
|duo, two
|duo, two
|Possibly also through Esperanto ''du''
|Possibly also through Esperanto {{lang|eo|''du''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|wan}}
|{{tp|wan}}
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|-
|-
|{{tp|wile}}
|{{tp|wile}}
|will<ref group="note">"to wish, to desire, to long", as in ''at will'', ''do what you will'', ''where there's a will there's a way'', ''willful'', and ''willpower'', not the future tense</ref>
|will<ref group="lower-alpha">"to wish, to desire, to long", as in ''at will'', ''do what you will'', ''where there's a will there's a way'', ''willful'', and ''willpower'', not the future tense</ref>
|Through Dutch ''willen'' <references group="note" />
|Through Dutch {{lang|nl|''willen''}} <references group="lower-alpha" />
|}
|}


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|{{tp|epiku}}
|{{tp|epiku}}
|epic
|epic
|Through French ''épique''
|Through French {{lang|fr|''épique''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|kin}}
|{{tp|kin}}
|(a)kin
|(a)kin
|From Finnish ''-kin''
|From Finnish {{lang|fi|''-kin''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|kokosila}}
|{{tp|kokosila}}
|crocodile
|crocodile
|Through Esperanto ''krokodili''. Misleading, as ''krokodili'' means "to speak a language besides Esperanto among Esperantists", which {{tp|kokosila}} transplants onto Toki Pona.
|Through Esperanto {{lang|eo|''krokodili''}}. Possibly misleading, as {{lang|eo|''krokodili''}} means "to speak a language besides Esperanto among Esperantists", which {{tp|kokosila}} transplants onto Toki Pona.
|-
|-
|{{tp|leko}}
|{{tp|leko}}
|Lego
|Lego
|Possibly from Finnish ''lohko''
|Possibly from Finnish {{lang|fi|''lohko''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|meso}}
|{{tp|meso}}
|meso-
|meso-
|Through Greek μέσος ''mésos''
|Through Greek {{lang|el|μέσος ''mésos''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|monsuta}}
|{{tp|monsuta}}
|monster
|monster
|Through Japanese モンスター ''monsutā''
|Through Japanese {{lang|ja|モンスター ''monsutā''}}
|-
|-
|{{tp|n}}
|{{tp|n}}
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|{{tp|oko}}
|{{tp|oko}}
|ocular
|ocular
|Through Serbo-Croatian ''ȍko''
|Through Serbo-Croatian {{lang|hbs|''ȍko''}}
|}
|}
{{Words}}
{{Words}}

Revision as of 04:21, 13 August 2023

There are several cognates, true and false, between English and Toki Pona words.

nimi pu

nimi pu and English cognates
toki pona English Notes
a ah Onomatopoeic
ale / ali all Through Dutch alle
en and In standard use, en only joins multiple subjects. Other uses of "and" are achieved by repeating the respective particle, such as li or e.
insa inside
jaki yucky
jelo yellow
kama come (up) Possibly through Tok Pisin kamap
ken can Possibly through Tok Pisin ken
ko goo Actually from Cantonese 膏 gou1
kule colo(u)r Through Acadian French couleur
kulupu group Through Tongan kulupu
lili little Actually from Tok Pisin liklik
linja line, linear Through Finnish linja
lipu library, leaf Actually from Finnish lippu
lon along, on Through Tok Pisin long
lukin look(ing) Through Tok Pisin lukim
lupa loop[a] Through Lojban clupa
  1. ↑ There is a hole in the middle of a loop.
mama mama Actually from Georgian მამა mama
mani money Possibly through Tok Pisin mani
meli Mary Through Tok Pisin meri
mi me Also through Esperanto mi
moli mort Through Acadian French mourir
mu mew, moo Onomatopoeic
mute much, multi(ple) Through Esperanto multe
nanpa number Through Tok Pisin namba
nimi name From Finnish nimi, which may be related
o O[a] Also from Georgian -ო -o
  1. ↑ Archaic vocative particle, as in "O Canada"
open open Possibly also through Dutch open
pakala bugger up Through Tok Pisin bagarap
pan panini, pantry[a][b] Through Romance words inherited from Latin pānis
  1. ↑ Where bread is stored
  2. ↑ Companion also etymologically means a messmate, a person with whom one would share bread.
pi belong Through Tok Pisin bilong. Misleading, as pi does not mark possession.
pilin feel(ing) Through Tok Pisin pilim
pini finish Through Acadian French fini
poki box Through Tok Pisin bokis
pona boon, bonus Through Esperanto bona
pu book
sama same Through Esperanto and Finnish sama
selo shell Through Esperanto ŝelo
sike circle
suno sun Through Esperanto suno
suwi sweet Through Tok Pisin swit
taso that's all Through Tok Pisin tasol
tawa towards
tenpo tempo(ral), tense Through Esperanto tempo
toki talk Through Tok Pisin tok
tomo dom(icil)e, dorm(itory) Through Esperanto domo
tu duo, two Possibly also through Esperanto du
wan one
wile will[a] Through Dutch willen
  1. ↑ "to wish, to desire, to long", as in at will, do what you will, where there's a will there's a way, willful, and willpower, not the future tense

nimi ku suli

nimi ku suli and English cognates
toki pona English Notes
epiku epic Through French épique
kin (a)kin From Finnish -kin
kokosila crocodile Through Esperanto krokodili. Possibly misleading, as krokodili means "to speak a language besides Esperanto among Esperantists", which kokosila transplants onto Toki Pona.
leko Lego Possibly from Finnish lohko
meso meso- Through Greek μέσος mésos
monsuta monster Through Japanese モンスター monsutā
n hmm, um Onomatopoeic
oko ocular Through Serbo-Croatian ȍko
Parts of speech Content words (Roles · Prepositions · Preverbs · Names · Numbers) · Particles (Semiparticles) · Interjections
Usage Book presence (nimi pu · nimi ku) · Eras (pre-pu · post-pu · post-ku) · Usage categories · nimi sin · Synonyms · Reserved words · Place and language names
Core words a · akesi · ala · alasa · ale / ali · anpa · ante · anu · awen · e · en · esun · ijo · ike · ilo · insa · jaki · jan · jelo · jo · kala · kalama · kama · kasi · ken · kepeken · kili · kiwen · ko · kon · kule · kulupu · kute · la · lape · laso · lawa · len · lete · li · lili · linja · lipu · loje · lon · luka · lukin · lupa · ma · mama · mani · mi · moku · moli · monsi · mu · mun · musi · mute · nanpa · nasa · nasin · nena · ni · nimi · noka · o · olin · ona · open · pakala · pali · palisa · pan · pana · pi · pilin · pimeja · pini · pipi · poka · poki · pona · pu · sama · seli · selo · seme · sewi · sijelo · sike · sin · sina · sinpin · sitelen · sona · soweli · suli · suno · supa · suwi · tan · taso · tawa · telo · tenpo · toki · tomo · tu · unpa · uta · utala · walo · wan · waso · wawa · weka · wile
Common words kijetesantakalu · kin · kipisi · ku · leko · meli · mije · misikeke · monsuta · n · namako · soko · tonsi
Uncommon words epiku · jasima · kokosila · lanpan · linluwi · majuna · meso · nimisin · oko
Resources Dictionaries · Glossary · Cognates · Glosses · Minimal pairs
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