anpa
  | |
| Pronunciation | /ˈan |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (99% → )2022: Core (99%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Content word |
| Codepoint | U+F1905 |
| Part of a series on |
| Front view |
| Side view |
| Left and right · noka vs. anpa |
anpa is a core content word, used as a spatial word, relating to something physically lowered, and figuratively, to the lowering of one's standing.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The word anpa is derived from Acadian French en bas, meaning "below".[1]
Semantic space[edit | edit source]
The semantic space of anpa, when used as a spatial word, includes spaces and objects physically lowered or those below or beneath something else.
mi lon anpa supami lon anpa supa.
We are under the furniture.
o anpa e luka sinao anpa e luka sina.
Lower your hand.
Figuratively, anpa includes a lower place in a social hierarchy and submission to another entity, as in bowing or praying. This can include defeat in any sort of utala, and associated feelings like shame.[2]
sina en mi li anpa tawa sewisina en mi li anpa tawa sewi.[3]
You and I are lowly from the perspective of God.
We bow towards God.
musi sike suli la kulupu li anpamusi sike suli la kulupu li anpa.
At the important ball game, the team lost.
It is sometimes used to refer to south[citation needed] as downwards is the conventional direction as shown in most maps. However, this is often proscribed as it leads to ambiguity, and other words, such as seli, are more commonly used.
Difference from noka[edit | edit source]
When used in prepositional phrases, anpa and noka may have synonymous or distinct meanings, depending on the speaker. The phrase lon anpa is more common for "at the bottom (of)".
pu[edit | edit source]
In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines anpa as:
ADJECTIVE bowing down, downward, humble, lowly, dependent
ku[edit | edit source]
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as anpa:[4]
down5, bottom4, lower4, defeat3, below3, beneath3, under2, bow2, underlying2
sitelen pona[edit | edit source]
The sitelen pona glyph for anpa () is derived from the open box radical with a location dot placed beneath it. Compare the glyphs for other spatial words—insa, monsi, sinpin, poka, as well as the secular version of sewi.
sitelen sitelen[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Word Origins. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Toki Pona.
- ↑ lipamanka. "toki pona dictionary". lipamanka.gay.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (25 May 2014). Toki Pona: The Language of Good. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292300. OCLC 921253340.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 201.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- "anpa" on lipu Linku
- "anpa" on lipu Wikipesija
- "anpa" on English Wiktionary