Antonyms: Difference between revisions
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An '''antonym''' is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word. For example, {{tp|[[pona]]}} ("good") and {{tp|[[ike]]}} ("bad") are antonyms. In some logographic [[writing system]]s, such as {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}}, some antonyms also use opposite glyphs. Antonyms provide a sense of balance, not implying either concept to be the default or proper state of being. |
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If Toki Pona were more dedicated to [[minimalism]], antonyms might have been merged to further reduce the vocabulary. Instead, many of these words have different [[semantic space]]s or parts of speech. For example: |
If Toki Pona were more dedicated to [[minimalism]], antonyms might have been merged to further reduce the vocabulary. Instead, many of these words have different [[semantic space]]s or parts of speech. For example: |
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* {{tp|pimeja}} could be thought of as antonyms with {{tp|suno}} and {{tp|walo}}, even though those are not |
* {{tp|pimeja}} could be thought of as antonyms with {{tp|suno}} and {{tp|walo}}, even though those are not [[synonym]]s with each other. |
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* {{tp|sama}} can be used as a [[preposition]], while its antonym {{tp|ante}} cannot. |
* {{tp|sama}} can be used as a [[preposition]], while its antonym {{tp|ante}} cannot. |
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* {{tp|tawa}} can be a preposition, while {{tp|kama}} can be a [[preverb]]. |
* {{tp|tawa}} can be a preposition, while {{tp|kama}} can be a [[preverb]]. |
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{{tp|[[ala]]}} may be used as a [[modifier]] to vaguely form an opposite. In one [[context]], {{tp|ike ala}} could mean {{tp|pona}}, while in another, the speaker could simply feel neutral. More rarely, {{tp|jasima}}, a {{tp|[[nimi ku suli]]}}, is used for true "negative" opposites ({{tp|jasima ijo ≠ ijo ala}}), leaving {{tp|ala}} to specify "absence of" opposites. |
{{tp|[[ala]]}} may be used as a [[modifier]] to vaguely form an opposite. In one [[context]], {{tp|ike ala}} could mean {{tp|pona}}, while in another, the speaker could simply feel neutral. More rarely, {{tp|jasima}}, a {{tp|[[nimi ku suli]]}}, is used for true "negative" opposites ({{tp|jasima ijo ≠ ijo ala}}), leaving {{tp|ala}} to specify "absence of" opposites. |
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==List of antonyms== |
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<div style="column-count: 3;"> |
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* {{tp|[[ala]]}} — {{tp|[[ale|ale / ali]]}} |
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* {{tp|[[anpa]]}} — {{tp|[[sewi]]}} |
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* {{tp|[[ante]]}} — {{tp|[[sama]]}} |
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* {{tp|[[awen]]}} — {{tp|[[weka]]}} |
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* {{tp|[[insa]]}} — {{tp|[[selo]]}} |
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* {{tp|[[ike]]}} — {{tp|[[pona]]}} |
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* {{tp|[[kama]]}} — {{tp|[[tawa]]}} |
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* {{tp|[[kipisi]]}} — {{tp|[[wan]]}} |
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* {{tp|[[lete]]}} — {{tp|[[seli]]}} |
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* {{tp|[[lili]]}} — {{tp|[[suli]]}} |
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* {{tp|[[lupa]]}} — {{tp|[[nena]]}} |
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* {{tp|[[mute]]}} — {{tp|[[lili]]}} |
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* {{tp|[[open]]}} — {{tp|[[pini]]}} |
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* {{tp|[[pimeja]]}} — {{tp|[[walo]]}}, {{tp|[[suno]]}} |
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</div> |
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==Auto-antonyms== |
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According to the {{tp|[[monsutatesu]]}} analysis, a Toki Pona word may be an antonym of itself when used as a verb. |
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[[Category:Words]] |
[[Category:Words]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:19, 5 November 2023
An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word. For example, pona ("good") and ike ("bad") are antonyms. In some logographic writing systems, such as sitelen pona, some antonyms also use opposite glyphs. Antonyms provide a sense of balance, not implying either concept to be the default or proper state of being.
If Toki Pona were more dedicated to minimalism, antonyms might have been merged to further reduce the vocabulary. Instead, many of these words have different semantic spaces or parts of speech. For example:
- pimeja could be thought of as antonyms with suno and walo, even though those are not synonyms with each other.
- sama can be used as a preposition, while its antonym ante cannot.
- tawa can be a preposition, while kama can be a preverb.
- In time phrases, pini is often antonyms with kama instead of with open.
Some antonyms are "contradictory" when used at the same time; jan pona ike is an example from lipu pu. Other antonyms have less paradoxical interpretations. moku seli lete could be read as the contradiction "cold hot food" or "raw cooked food", but could also mean "[re]frozen cooked food".
ala may be used as a modifier to vaguely form an opposite. In one context, ike ala could mean pona, while in another, the speaker could simply feel neutral. More rarely, jasima, a nimi ku suli, is used for true "negative" opposites (jasima ijo ≠ ijo ala), leaving ala to specify "absence of" opposites.
List of antonyms[edit | edit source]
Auto-antonyms[edit | edit source]
According to the monsutatesu analysis, a Toki Pona word may be an antonym of itself when used as a verb.