kiwen
  | |
 | |
| Pronunciation | /ˈki |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (99% → )2022: Core (99%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Content word |
| Codepoint | U+F191B |
kiwen is a core content word relating to hard and solid objects.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The word kiwen is derived from Finnish kiven, genitive of kivi, meaning "stone, rock".[1] This word was proposed by jan Sonja in 2002, replacing the compound wawa ma ("hardness of the earth").[2][3] This proposal was decided by a vote, resulting in 6 votes for kiwen and 2 votes for wawa ma.[4]
Semantic space[edit | edit source]
The semantic space of kiwen includes hard and solid objects, that is, objects whose form is resistant to change.[5] Prototypically, it usually refers to rocks, stones, minerals, and metals.
kiwen li lon nasinkiwen li lon nasin.
There are stones in the path.
tomo mi li kiwentomo mi li kiwen.
My house is made out of a hard material [e.g. wood or stone].
It may refer to the hardness of an object or, as a modifier, describe an object as hard and solid.
ko li kiwen la o pana e teloko li kiwen la o pana e telo.[6]
If the dough is hard, apply water.
pu[edit | edit source]
In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines kiwen as:
NOUN hard object, metal, rock, stone
ku[edit | edit source]
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as kiwen:[7]
solid5, rock5, stone5, hard object4, concrete3, metal3, steel3, iron3, firm3, stiff3, silver2, plastic2
sitelen pona[edit | edit source]
The sitelen pona glyph for kiwen () is a pentagonal shape depicting a cut gemstone as seen from the side, representing rocks and hard materials by extension. It may specifically be a diamond, well known as the hardest natural material.
sitelen sitelen[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Sonja Elen Kisa (15 May 2002). New word for stone, metal, mineral?. Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ↑ tokipona@yahoogroups.com (15 May 2002). New poll for toki pona. Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ↑ tokipona@yahoogroups.com (15 May 2002). Poll results for toki pona. Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ↑ lipamanka. "toki pona dictionary". lipamanka.gay.
- ↑ jan Nijo. (4 February 2021). "pan sike suwi" (in Toki Pona). lipu kule. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 250.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- "kiwen" on lipu Linku
- "kiwen" on lipu Wikipesija
- "kiwen" on English Wiktionary