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{{tp|li}} is a [[particle]] in Toki Pona that separates the subject from the rest of the sentence. |
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== Function of |
== Function of {{tp|li}} == |
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{{tp|li}} separates the subject from the predicate. The predicate can be a verb (with or without object), a noun, an adjective, or a prepositional phrase. It is omitted when the subject is {{tp|mi}} or {{tp|sina}} alone. |
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== Multiple predicates == |
== Multiple predicates == |
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Typically, |
Typically, {{tp|li}} is repeated when multiple predicates apply to the same subject. |
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== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
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The Toki Pona particle |
The Toki Pona particle {{tp|li}} is from the Esperanto third-person singular pronoun "li."<ref>[//archive.ph/i4Psx toki pona Etymological Dictionary]</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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== External resources == |
== External resources == |
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* [[pu]] Lessons 2 through 5. |
* {{tp|[[pu]]}} Lessons 2 through 5. |
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* [//lipu-sona.pona.la/ {{tok|jan Lentan}} Lessons 1-4] |
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* [//jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/basic-sentences/ {{tok|sitelen sitelen}} Basic Sentences] |
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* [//sowelitesa.kittycat.homes/lipu-sona/2 {{tok|soweli Tesa}} Lesson 2] |
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* [//github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-li {{tok|nasin toki pona}}] |
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* [//mun.la/sona/li.html {{tok|jan Kekan San}} Actions with {{tok|li}}] |
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{{Words}} |
{{Words}} |
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Revision as of 13:19, 4 September 2023
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| Pronunciation | /li/ |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (100% → )2022: Core (100%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Particle |
| Codepoint | U+F1927 |
li is a particle in Toki Pona that separates the subject from the rest of the sentence.
Function of li
li separates the subject from the predicate. The predicate can be a verb (with or without object), a noun, an adjective, or a prepositional phrase. It is omitted when the subject is mi or sina alone.
ona li mokuona li moku.
They eat.
soweli li suwisoweli li suwi.
The dog is cute.
kili li mokukili li moku.
Fruits are food.
mi tawa tomomi tawa tomo.
I'm going home.
sina en mi li lukin e sitelen tawasina en mi li lukin e sitelen tawa.
You and I watch a movie.
Multiple predicates
Typically, li is repeated when multiple predicates apply to the same subject.
ona li kama li tawaona li kama li tawa.
They come and go.
pu says that when multiple predicates are applied to mi or sina, a new sentence should start.[1]
mi toki mi mokumi toki. mi moku.
I speak and eat.
Some speakers use a second li in this case. This is referred to as "extended li style" in ku.
mi moku li tokimi moku li toki.
I eat and speak.
A downside of this method is exemplified in this sentence: it is ambiguous whether toki is meant to be a predicate or a modifier of mi.
mi moku li tokimi moku li toki.
The food-related me is talking.
Etymology
The Toki Pona particle li is from the Esperanto third-person singular pronoun "li."[2]
References
External resources
- pu Lessons 2 through 5.
- jan Lentan Lessons 1-4
- sitelen sitelen Basic Sentences
- soweli Tesa Lesson 2
- nasin toki pona
- jan Kekan San Actions with li