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|toki, jan ale o! |
|toki, jan ale o! |
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|Hi, everybody! |
|Hi, everybody! |
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|toki |
|toki {{idsp}} jan-ale o |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|soweli mi o, sina moku e lipu mi tan seme? |
|soweli mi o, sina moku e lipu mi tan seme? |
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|Doggo, why did you eat my homework? |
|Doggo, why did you eat my homework? |
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|soweli mi o |
|soweli mi o {{idsp}} sina moku e lipu mi tan seme |
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}} |
}} |
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|jan Alu o, o kama! |
|jan Alu o, o kama! |
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|Come, {{tok|Alu}}! |
|Come, {{tok|Alu}}! |
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|jan [ale luka uta] o |
|jan [ale luka uta] o {{idsp}} o kama |
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}} |
}} |
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Revision as of 13:26, 8 March 2024
  | |
| Pronunciation | /o/ |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (100% → )2022: Core (100%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Particle |
| Codepoint | U+F1944 |
o is a particle used to express desires and wishes, as well as to call out to a listener.
Functions
Imperative and optative
o is used to indicate an imperative, expressing a command or instruction. In this case, the particle li is replaced by o and the subject may optionally be ommited. Unlike li, the particle o can be used following mi or sina.
o kama sona e toki-ponao kama sona e toki pona!
Learn Toki Pona!
o pakala ala e ijo mio pakala ala e ijo mi!
Do not break my things!
o is also used to indicate an optative mood, expressing a wish or hope. In many cases, it can be translated with "should" or with sentences starting with "may". In some cases it is used to express "must" or "have to", a meaning that is traditionally covered by wile.
mi o lapemi o lape.
I should sleep. (i.e. It would be better if I went to sleep)
sijelo sina o kama ponasijelo sina o kama pona.
May your body become good/healthy. (i.e. I wish for your body to become healthy)
I hope you get better!
Vocative
o, following a word or phrase, indicates a vocative phrase, expressing that the speaker is addressing that person, place, or thing. The phrase may either go before or after the rest of the sentence.
toki jan-ale otoki, jan ale o!
Hi, everybody!
soweli mi o sina moku e lipu mi tan semesoweli mi o, sina moku e lipu mi tan seme?
Doggo, why did you eat my homework?
If o comes before the addressee instead, it becomes a command to be or personify them. For example, o jan ale! means "Be everyone!" and o soweli mi! means "Be my pet!"
Combining both imperative and vocative phrases together can be expressed with a single o:
jan [ale luka uta] o kamajan Alu o kama!
Come, Alu!
Alternatively, they may be separated:[citation needed…]
jan [ale luka uta] o o kamajan Alu o, o kama!
Come, Alu!
Definitions
ku
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as o:[1]
hey3, shall3, should2, ought2, must2, please1, let½, dare½, mandate½, dear½
History
Some speakers, such as jan Kipo (John Clifford), preferred using the particle o as sentence-initial particle instead of it substituting li or another similar particle.[2] Nowadays this is considered nonstandard.
o ona li lape ponao ona li lape pona.
Let her rest well.
sitelen pona
The sitelen pona glyph for o () is composed of the punctuation stem and the lowercase Latin letter O. The punctuation stem can be drawn upright (o) or at a diagonal (o). Compare the glyphs for a, kin, and n.
References
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 304.
- ↑ Stephan Schneider (jan Tepan). (2 June 2015). "Dialectal Toki Pona (KIPO)". GitHub.
Further reading
Resources
- Toki Pona: The Language of Good: Lesson 10
- jan Kekan San: Instructions with o
- jan Lentan: Lesson 7
- jan Misali: tokiponization (toki pona lesson three)
- soweli Tesa: Lesson 13
- nasin toki pona: the particle o
- Jonathal Gabel: Interjections and Commands
Dictionaries
- "o" on lipu Linku
- "o" on lipu Wikipesija
- "o" on English Wiktionary