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{{Colors}}
This is a description of '''colors''' in Toki Pona. The color words featured in the book {{pu|en}} can roughly be compared to the {{w|CMYK color model}}. The words for hue—{{tp|[[loje]]}}, {{tp|[[jelo]]}}, {{tp|[[laso]]}}—describe a red–yellow–"{{w|Blue–green distinction in language|grue}}" system. {{tp|[[pimeja]]}} and {{tp|[[walo]]}} are often used as [[modifier]]s to describe shades and tints, respectively.
{{clear}}▼
 
==Core words==
 
==={{tp|kule}}===
{{Main|kule|{{tp|kule}}}}
{{nimi|kule
|collapsed=yes
| image = Webysther 20190718121610 - Santana de Parnaíba.jpg
| PoS = content word
}}
The word {{tp|[[kule]]}} is {{a category|kule}} word relating to colors, {{w|hue}}, {{w|pigment}}s, and {{w|paint}}.<ref>{{cite ku|256}}</ref>
 
{{Example
Line 15 ⟶ 19:
| kasi ni li <mark>kule</mark> seme
}}
 
By analogy, {{tp|kule}} is sometimes extended to refer to any intrinsic or sensory attribute, such as composition, sensory information (hue, smell, flavor, timbre, texture), or [[Gender|gender identity]]. The word {{tp|[[poki]]}} ("container") is used as an [[antonym]] for this sense, meaning any extrinsic attribute. Compare the English phrase "to put someone in a box".
 
The word {{tp|kule}} is derived from {{w|Acadian French}} ''{{lang|fr|couleur}}''.<ref name="etym">{{cite etym}}</ref>
{{clear}}
 
==={{tp|loje}}===
{{Main|loje|{{tp|loje}}}}
{{nimi|loje
|collapsed=yes
| image = Color icon red v2rose.svgpng
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|[[loje]]}} is used for red and red–adjacent colors, including pinks and magentas.<ref>{{cite ku|271}}</ref> It usually ranges from reddish shades of purple to reddish shades of orange and brown. Other colors that can be described as {{tp|loje}} include {{w|burgundy}}, {{w|crimson}}, {{w|Fuchsia (color)|fuchsia}}, {{w|maroon}}, {{w|Rust (color)|rust}}, {{w|Salmon (color)|salmon}}, {{w|scarlet}}, and {{w|vermilion}}.
 
Other colors that can be described as {{tp|loje}} include burgundy, crimson, fuchsia, maroon, rust, salmon, scarlet, and vermilion.
 
The word {{tp|loje}} is derived from {{w|Dutch language|Dutch}} ''{{lang|nl|rooie}}'', an {{w|Inflection|inflected form}} of ''{{lang|nl|rood}}''.<ref name="etym"/>
{{clear}}
 
==={{tp|jelo}}===
{{Main|jelo|{{tp|jelo}}}}
{{nimi|jelo
|collapsed=yes
| image = All yellow household jumble 2020-03-28 Focus stack.jpg
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|[[jelo]]}} is used for yellow and yellow–adjacent colors.<ref>{{cite ku|234}}</ref> It usually ranges from yellowish shades of orange and brown to very yellowish shades of green. Other colors that can be described as {{tp|jelo}} include {{w|amber}}, {{w|Gold (color)|gold}}, and {{w|Lime (color)|lime}}.
 
Other colors that can be described as {{tp|jelo}} include amber, gold, and lime.
 
The word {{tp|jelo}} is derived from {{w|English language|English}} ''yellow''.<ref name="etym"/>
{{clear}}
 
==={{tp|laso}}===
{{Main|laso|{{tp|laso}}}}
{{nimi|laso
|collapsed=yes
| image = Color icon grue.svg
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|[[laso]]}} is used for {{w|turquoise}} and turquoise–adjacent colors, including blues and greens.<ref>{{cite ku|261}}</ref> It usually ranges from greens to bluish shades of violet. Toki Pona lacks the {{w|Blue–green distinction in language|distinction between blue and green}}, linguists call this umbrella color term "grue". Other colors that can be described as {{tp|laso}} include {{w|aquamarine}}, {{w|azure}}, {{w|cobalt}}, {{w|cyan}}, {{w|indigo}}, {{w|Lime (color)|lime}}, {{w|Mint (color)|mint}}, {{w|Navy (color)|navy}}, {{w|Olive (color)|olive}}, and {{w|teal}}.
 
Other colors that can be described as {{tp|laso}} include aquamarine, azure, cobalt, cyan, indigo, lime, mint, navy, olive, and teal.
 
{{Example
|tenpo lete la kasi li weka e <mark>laso</mark> ona.
|In autumn, trees get rid of their <mark>greenness</mark>.
|tenpo lete la kasi li weka e <mark>laso </mark>ona
}}
 
The word {{tp|laso}} is derived from {{w|Welsh language|Welsh}} ''{{lang|cy|glas}}'', meaning only "blue" in modern Welsh, but used to cover colors like green and silver.<ref name="etym"/>
{{clear}}
 
==={{tp|walo}}===
{{Main|walo|{{tp|walo}}}}
{{nimi|walo
|collapsed=yes
| image = Blancos.png
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|[[walo]]}} is used for any pale or light color, especially those approaching white.<ref>{{cite ku|283}}</ref> While {{tp|walo}} and {{tp|[[suno]]}} can both be translated as "light", they mean different things. {{tp|suno}} refers to light itself, and may [[Modifier|modify]] and describe objects that emit light. On the other hand, {{tp|walo}} refers to the {{w|Lightness|lightness of a color}} alone.
 
Note that while {{tp|walo}} and {{tp|[[suno]]}} can both be translated as "light", they mean different things. {{tp|suno}} means light itself, and it can be used as an [[adjective]] to describe objects that give light. On the other hand, {{tp|walo}} refers to the lightness of color alone.
 
The word {{tp|walo}} is derived from {{w|Finnish language|Finnish}} ''{{lang|fi|valko-}}'', the combining form of ''{{lang|fi|valkoinen}}'', meaning "white".<ref name="etym"/>
{{clear}}
 
==={{tp|pimeja}}===
{{Main|pimeja|{{tp|pimeja}}}}
{{nimi|pimeja
|collapsed=yes
| image = Color icon black.svg
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|[[pimeja]]}} is used for any dark color, especially those approaching black.<ref>{{cite ku|328}}</ref> {{tp|pimeja}} is also used for "darkness", as an antonym of {{tp|[[suno]]}} ("light"), and can be used to describe shadows, unlit spaces, and the night.
{{clear}}▼
 
==Colors in context==
{{tp|pimeja}} is also used for "darkness", as an antonym of {{tp|[[suno]]}} ("light"), and can be used to describe shadows, unlit spaces, and the night.
{{Needs work|scope=section}}
[[File:Lime as jelo laso.png|150px|thumb|Lime shown as both {{tp|jelo}} or {{tp|laso}}.]]
 
The name for a specific hue may differ in context, {{w|lime (color)|lime}} may be referred to as either {{tp|jelo}} or {{tp|laso}}, depending on context, as shown in the illustration above.{{Clear}}
The word {{tp|pimeja}} is derived from {{w|Finnish language|Finnish}} ''{{lang|fi|pimeä}}'', meaning "black".<ref name="etym"/>
▲{{clear}}
 
==Color mixing==
{{Needs work|it needs explanations of expressions like "laso loje", "loje walo", "pimeja laso", "waso pimeja walo" vs. "waso pi pimeja walo", maybe "jelo wawa" vs. "jelo pi wawa ala", etc.|scope=section}}
 
[[File:Color mixture.svg|thumb|250x520px|{{w|Subtractive color}}s mix like ink or paint.]]
[[File:kule pi.svg|thumb|250x250px|Difference betwen {{tp|len loje jelo}} (red and yellow fabric) and {{tp|len pi loje jelo}} (yellowish red fabric)]]
 
Color words can be combined into phrases[[phrase]]s to "mix" their respective colors and describe more specific colors more closely. It is usually thought of in a {{w|Subtractive color|subtractive}} {{w|color space}}, which works like mixing paintsink or inkpaints (whereas an additive color space works like shining colored spotlights).
 
For example, the phrases {{tp|laso loje}} ("reddish blue") and {{tp|loje laso}} ("bluish red") are common ways to say purple. They may refer to somewhat different hues, leaning in the direction of the head (first) noun. In this case, {{tp|laso loje}} would describe more bluish purples, and {{tp|loje laso}} would describe more reddish purples.
{{Clear}}
 
==NonstandardSee wordsalso==
{{* [[Nonstandard}} color words]]
 
==={{tp|kapesi}}===
{{nimi|kapesi
| image = Brown and gray wood (Unsplash).jpg
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|kapesi}} is {{a category|kapesi}}, [[pre-pu|pre-{{tp|pu}}]] {{tp|[[nimi ku lili]]}} for brown and gray. It is derived from either {{w|Cantonese language|Cantonese}} {{lang|yue|咖啡色}} (''{{lang|yue-Latn|gaa<sup>3</sup> fe<sup>1</sup> sik<sup>1</sup>}}'') or {{w|Mandarin language|Mandarin}} {{lang|cmn|咖啡色}} (''{{lang|cmn-Latn|kāfēisè}}''), meaning "brown" (literally, "coffee color"). <!-- When was it coined? Where is the earliest source of this word? -->
 
In practice, it is more commonly used for browns than grays, because browns are usually hard to describe with {{tp|pu}} words, while grays can easily be described as {{tp|pimeja walo}} ("light black") or {{tp|walo pimeja}} ("dark white").
▲{{clear}}
 
==={{tp|unu}}===
{{nimi|unu
| image = Purple buttons (3538662481).jpg
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|unu}} is a {{a category|unu}}, [[post-pu|post-{{tp|pu}}]] {{tp|[[nimi ku lili]]}} for purple and purple–adjacent colors, including violets, and sometimes magentas and indigos. It was coined by {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} in 2020 and is derived from {{w|Indonesian language|Indonesian}} ''{{lang|id|ungu}}''.<ref>{{cite Discord|name={{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}}|username=sonjalang|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/316063418253705229/791382999231889408|channel={{tok|toki-pona}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|quote={{tok|ken la nimi sin li unu tan nimi}} {{lang|id|ungu}} {{tok|pi toki Intonesija}}}}</ref>
{{clear}}
 
==={{tp|nalanja}}===
{{nimi|nalanja
| image = Color icon orange v2.svg
| PoS = content word
| compact = y
}}
{{tp|nalanja}} is {{a category|nalanja}} word for orange colors. It was derived from {{w|Spanish language|Spanish}} ''{{lang|eo|naranja}}'', meaning "orange".{{citation needed}}
{{clear}}
 
==={{tp|peta}}===
{{nimi|peta
| image = Color icon green.svg
| PoS = content word
| compact = y
}}
{{tp|peta}} is {{a category|peta}} word intended for green and green–adjacent colors, as well as meanings related to verdancy, liveliness, and eco-friendliness.<ref>{{cite Discord|name={{tok|kili Tesa}}|username=jezzzzzzzzzz|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301378960468738050/642818360572379166|channel={{tok|pana-sona}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}}}</ref> It was coined by {{tok|kili Tesa}} in 2019, and is derived from {{w|Esperanto}} ''{{lang|eo|verda}}'', meaning "green".
{{clear}}
 
==References==
<references />
{{Words}}
[[Category:Words]]

Latest revision as of 03:46, 5 April 2024

Part of a series on
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Nonstandard color words

This is a description of colors in Toki Pona. The color words featured in the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good can roughly be compared to the CMYK color model. The words for hue—loje, jelo, laso—describe a red–yellow–"grue" system. pimeja and walo are often used as modifiers to describe shades and tints, respectively.

Core words[edit | edit source]

kule[edit | edit source]

Main articles: kule and [[:kule]]
kule in sitelen pona
kule in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /ˈku.le/
Usage 2023: Core (99% → )2022: Core (99%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Content word
Codepoint 󱤞 U+F191E

The word kule is a core word relating to colors, hue, pigments, and paint.[1]

kasi ni li kule seme

kasi ni li kule seme?

What color is this plant?

loje[edit | edit source]

Main articles: loje and [[:loje]]
loje in sitelen pona
loje in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /ˈlo.je//j/ sounds like English Y, as in "fjord" or "hallelujah".
Usage 2023: Core (99% ↗︎ )2022: Core (98%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Content word
Codepoint 󱤫 U+F192B

loje is used for red and red–adjacent colors, including pinks and magentas.[2] It usually ranges from reddish shades of purple to reddish shades of orange and brown. Other colors that can be described as loje include burgundy, crimson, fuchsia, maroon, rust, salmon, scarlet, and vermilion.

jelo[edit | edit source]

Main articles: jelo and [[:jelo]]
jelo in sitelen pona
jelo in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /ˈje.lo//j/ sounds like English Y, as in "fjord" or "hallelujah".
Usage 2023: Core (100% ↗︎ )2022: Core (98%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Content word
Codepoint 󱤒 U+F1912

jelo is used for yellow and yellow–adjacent colors.[3] It usually ranges from yellowish shades of orange and brown to very yellowish shades of green. Other colors that can be described as jelo include amber, gold, and lime.

laso[edit | edit source]

Main articles: laso and [[:laso]]
laso in sitelen pona
laso in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /ˈla.so/
Usage 2023: Core (99% ↗︎ )2022: Core (98%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Content word
Codepoint 󱤣 U+F1923

laso is used for turquoise and turquoise–adjacent colors, including blues and greens.[4] It usually ranges from greens to bluish shades of violet. Toki Pona lacks the distinction between blue and green, linguists call this umbrella color term "grue". Other colors that can be described as laso include aquamarine, azure, cobalt, cyan, indigo, lime, mint, navy, olive, and teal.

walo[edit | edit source]

Main articles: walo and [[:walo]]
walo in sitelen pona
walo in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /ˈwa.lo/
Usage 2023: Core (100% ↗︎ )2022: Core (98%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Content word
Codepoint 󱥲 U+F1972

walo is used for any pale or light color, especially those approaching white.[5] While walo and suno can both be translated as "light", they mean different things. suno refers to light itself, and may modify and describe objects that emit light. On the other hand, walo refers to the lightness of a color alone.

pimeja[edit | edit source]

Main articles: pimeja and [[:pimeja]]
pimeja in sitelen pona
pimeja in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /ˈpi.me.ja//j/ sounds like English Y, as in "fjord" or "hallelujah".
Usage 2023: Core (100% ↗︎ )2022: Core (99%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Content word
Codepoint 󱥏 U+F194F

pimeja is used for any dark color, especially those approaching black.[6] pimeja is also used for "darkness", as an antonym of suno ("light"), and can be used to describe shadows, unlit spaces, and the night.

Colors in context[edit | edit source]

Under construction This section needs work. If you know about this topic, you can help us by editing it. (See all)
Lime shown as both jelo or laso.

The name for a specific hue may differ in context, lime may be referred to as either jelo or laso, depending on context, as shown in the illustration above.

Color mixing[edit | edit source]

Under construction This section needs work:

it needs explanations of expressions like "laso loje", "loje walo", "pimeja laso", "waso pimeja walo" vs. "waso pi pimeja walo", maybe "jelo wawa" vs. "jelo pi wawa ala", etc.

If you know about this topic, you can help us by editing it. (See all)
Subtractive colors mix like ink or paint.
Difference betwen len loje jelo (red and yellow fabric) and len pi loje jelo (yellowish red fabric)

Color words can be combined into phrases to "mix" their respective colors and describe more specific colors more closely. It is usually thought of in a subtractive color space, which works like mixing ink or paints (whereas an additive color space works like shining colored spotlights).

For example, the phrases laso loje ("reddish blue") and loje laso ("bluish red") are common ways to say purple. They may refer to somewhat different hues, leaning in the direction of the head (first) noun. In this case, laso loje would describe more bluish purples, and loje laso would describe more reddish purples.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 256.
  2. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 271.
  3. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 234.
  4. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 261.
  5. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 283.
  6. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 328.
Parts of speech Content words (Roles · Prepositions · Preverbs · Names · Numbers) · Particles (Semiparticles) · Interjections
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Core words a · akesi · ala · alasa · ale / ali · anpa · ante · anu · awen · e · en · esun · ijo · ike · ilo · insa · jaki · jan · jelo · jo · kala · kalama · kama · kasi · ken · kepeken · kili · kiwen · ko · kon · kule · kulupu · kute · la · lape · laso · lawa · len · lete · li · lili · linja · lipu · loje · lon · luka · lukin · lupa · ma · mama · mani · mi · moku · moli · monsi · mu · mun · musi · mute · nanpa · nasa · nasin · nena · ni · nimi · noka · o · olin · ona · open · pakala · pali · palisa · pan · pana · pi · pilin · pimeja · pini · pipi · poka · poki · pona · pu · sama · seli · selo · seme · sewi · sijelo · sike · sin · sina · sinpin · sitelen · sona · soweli · suli · suno · supa · suwi · tan · taso · tawa · telo · tenpo · toki · tomo · tu · unpa · uta · utala · walo · wan · waso · wawa · weka · wile
Common words kijetesantakalu · kin · kipisi · ku · leko · meli · mije · misikeke · monsuta · n · namako · soko · tonsi
Uncommon words epiku · jasima · kokosila · lanpan · linluwi · majuna · meso · nimisin · oko
Resources Dictionaries · Glossary · Cognates · Glosses · Minimal pairs
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