Colors: Difference between revisions

From sona pona, the Toki Pona wiki
Browse history interactively
Content added Content deleted
VisualWikitext
(replaced png with svg)
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit Visual edit
No edit summary
Line 8: Line 8:
| PoS = content word
| PoS = content word
}}
}}
The word {{tp|kule}} is {{a category|kule}} word relating to colors, {{w|hue}}, {{w|pigment}}s, and {{w|paint}}.
The word {{tp|kule}} is {{a category|kule}} word relating to colors, {{w|hue}}, {{w|pigment}}s, and {{w|paint}}.<ref>{{cite ku|256}}</ref>


{{Example
{{Example
Line 16: Line 16:
}}
}}


By analogy, {{tp|kule}} is sometimes extended to refer to any intrinsic or sensory attribute, such as composition, sensory information (hue, smell, flavor, timbre, texture), or [[Gender|gender identity]]. The word {{tp|[[poki]]}} ("container") is used as an [[antonym]] for this sense, meaning any extrinsic attribute. Compare the English phrase "to put someone in a box".
By analogy, {{tp|kule}} is sometimes extended to refer to any intrinsic or sensory attribute, such as composition, sensory information ({{w|hue}}, smell, flavor, {{w|timbre}}, texture), or [[Gender|gender identity]]. The word {{tp|[[poki]]}} ("container") is used as an [[antonym]] for this sense, meaning any extrinsic attribute. Compare the English phrase "to put someone in a box".


The word {{tp|kule}} is derived from {{w|Acadian French}} ''{{lang|fr|couleur}}''.<ref name="etym">{{cite etym}}</ref>
The word {{tp|kule}} is derived from {{w|Acadian French}} ''{{lang|fr|couleur}}''.<ref name="etym">{{cite etym}}</ref>
Line 26: Line 26:
| PoS = content word
| PoS = content word
}}
}}
{{tp|loje}} is used for red and red–adjacent colors, including pinks and magentas. It usually ranges from reddish shades of purple to reddish shades of orange and brown.
{{tp|loje}} is used for red and red–adjacent colors, including pinks and magentas.<ref>{{cite ku|271}}</ref> It usually ranges from reddish shades of purple to reddish shades of orange and brown. Other colors that can be described as {{tp|loje}} include {{w|burgundy}}, {{w|crimson}}, {{w|fuchsia}}, {{w|maroon}}, {{w|Rust (color)|rust}}, {{w|salmon}}, {{w|scarlet}}, and {{w|vermilion}}.

Other colors that can be described as {{tp|loje}} include burgundy, crimson, fuchsia, maroon, rust, salmon, scarlet, and vermilion.


The word {{tp|loje}} is derived from {{w|Dutch language|Dutch}} ''{{lang|nl|rooie}}'', an {{w|Inflection|inflected form}} of ''{{lang|nl|rood}}''.<ref name="etym"/>
The word {{tp|loje}} is derived from {{w|Dutch language|Dutch}} ''{{lang|nl|rooie}}'', an {{w|Inflection|inflected form}} of ''{{lang|nl|rood}}''.<ref name="etym"/>
Line 38: Line 36:
| PoS = content word
| PoS = content word
}}
}}
{{tp|jelo}} is used for yellow and yellow–adjacent colors. It usually ranges from yellowish shades of orange and brown to very yellowish shades of green.
{{tp|jelo}} is used for yellow and yellow–adjacent colors.<ref>{{cite ku|234}}</ref> It usually ranges from yellowish shades of orange and brown to very yellowish shades of green. Other colors that can be described as {{tp|jelo}} include {{w|amber}}, {{w|Gold (color)|gold}}, and {{w|Lime (color)|lime}}.


⚫
The word {{tp|jelo}} is derived from {{w|English language|English}} ''yellow''.<ref name="etym"/>
Other colors that can be described as {{tp|jelo}} include amber, gold, and lime.


{{Example
⚫
The word {{tp|jelo}} is derived from {{w|English language|English}} ''yellow''.<ref name="etym"/>
|mi <mark>jelo</mark> e nimi lipu.
|I highlight [as <mark>yellow</mark>] the words of the book.
}}
{{clear}}
{{clear}}


Line 50: Line 51:
| PoS = content word
| PoS = content word
}}
}}
{{tp|laso}} is used for turquoise and turquoise–adjacent colors, including blues and greens. It usually ranges from greens to bluish shades of violet. Toki Pona lacks the {{w|Blue–green distinction in language|distinction between blue and green}}, linguists call this umbrella color term "grue".
{{tp|laso}} is used for {{w|turquoise}} and turquoise–adjacent colors, including blues and greens.<ref>{{cite ku|261}}</ref> It usually ranges from greens to bluish shades of violet. Toki Pona lacks the {{w|Blue–green distinction in language|distinction between blue and green}}, linguists call this umbrella color term "grue". Other colors that can be described as {{tp|laso}} include {{w|aquamarine}}, {{w|azure}}, {{w|cobalt}}, {{w|cyan}}, {{w|indigo}}, {{w|Lime (color)|lime}}, {{w|Mint (color)|mint}}, {{w|Navy (color)|navy}}, {{w|Olive (color)|olive}}, and {{w|teal}}.

Other colors that can be described as {{tp|laso}} include aquamarine, azure, cobalt, cyan, indigo, lime, mint, navy, olive, and teal.


{{Example
{{Example
Line 68: Line 67:
| PoS = content word
| PoS = content word
}}
}}
{{tp|walo}} is used for any pale or light color, especially those approaching white.
{{tp|walo}} is used for any pale or light color, especially those approaching white.<ref>{{cite ku|283}}</ref> While {{tp|walo}} and {{tp|[[suno]]}} can both be translated as "light", they mean different things. {{tp|suno}} refers to light itself, and may [[Modifier|modify]] and describe objects that emit light. On the other hand, {{tp|walo}} refers to the {{w|Lightness|lightness of a color}} alone.

Note that while {{tp|walo}} and {{tp|[[suno]]}} can both be translated as "light", they mean different things. {{tp|suno}} means light itself, and it can be used as an [[adjective]] to describe objects that give light. On the other hand, {{tp|walo}} refers to the lightness of color alone.


The word {{tp|walo}} is derived from {{w|Finnish language|Finnish}} ''{{lang|fi|valko-}}'', the combining form of ''{{lang|fi|valkoinen}}'', meaning "white".<ref name="etym"/>
The word {{tp|walo}} is derived from {{w|Finnish language|Finnish}} ''{{lang|fi|valko-}}'', the combining form of ''{{lang|fi|valkoinen}}'', meaning "white".<ref name="etym"/>
Line 80: Line 77:
| PoS = content word
| PoS = content word
}}
}}
{{tp|pimeja}} is used for any dark color, especially those approaching black.
{{tp|pimeja}} is used for any dark color, especially those approaching black.<ref>{{cite ku|328}}</ref> {{tp|pimeja}} is also used for "darkness", as an antonym of {{tp|[[suno]]}} ("light"), and can be used to describe shadows, unlit spaces, and the night.

{{tp|pimeja}} is also used for "darkness", as an antonym of {{tp|[[suno]]}} ("light"), and can be used to describe shadows, unlit spaces, and the night.


The word {{tp|pimeja}} is derived from {{w|Finnish language|Finnish}} ''{{lang|fi|pimeä}}'', meaning "black".<ref name="etym"/>
The word {{tp|pimeja}} is derived from {{w|Finnish language|Finnish}} ''{{lang|fi|pimeä}}'', meaning "black".<ref name="etym"/>
Line 90: Line 85:
{{Needs work|it needs explanations of expressions like "laso loje", "loje walo", "pimeja laso", "waso pimeja walo" vs. "waso pi pimeja walo", maybe "jelo wawa" vs. "jelo pi wawa ala", etc.|section}}
{{Needs work|it needs explanations of expressions like "laso loje", "loje walo", "pimeja laso", "waso pimeja walo" vs. "waso pi pimeja walo", maybe "jelo wawa" vs. "jelo pi wawa ala", etc.|section}}
[[File:kule pi.svg|thumb|250x250px|Difference betwen {{tp|len loje jelo}} (red and yellow fabric) and {{tp|len pi loje jelo}} (yellowish red fabric)]]
[[File:kule pi.svg|thumb|250x250px|Difference betwen {{tp|len loje jelo}} (red and yellow fabric) and {{tp|len pi loje jelo}} (yellowish red fabric)]]

Color words can be combined into phrases to "mix" their respective colors and describe more specific colors more closely. It is usually thought of in a subtractive color space, which works like mixing paints or ink (whereas an additive color space works like shining colored spotlights).
Color words can be combined into phrases to "mix" their respective colors and describe more specific colors more closely. It is usually thought of in a subtractive color space, which works like mixing paints or ink (whereas an additive color space works like shining colored spotlights).


Line 103: Line 99:
| PoS = content word
| PoS = content word
}}
}}
{{tp|kapesi}} is {{a category|kapesi}}, [[pre-pu|pre-{{tp|pu}}]] {{tp|[[nimi ku lili]]}} for brown and gray. It is derived from either {{w|Cantonese language|Cantonese}} {{lang|yue|咖啡色}} (''{{lang|yue-Latn|gaa<sup>3</sup> fe<sup>1</sup> sik<sup>1</sup>}}'') or {{w|Mandarin language|Mandarin}} {{lang|cmn|咖啡色}} (''{{lang|cmn-Latn|kāfēisè}}''), meaning "brown" (literally, "coffee color"). <!-- When was it coined? Where is the earliest source of this word? -->
{{tp|kapesi}} is {{a category|kapesi}}, [[pre-pu|pre-{{tp|pu}}]] {{tp|[[nimi ku lili]]}} for brown and gray.<ref>{{cite ku|242}}</ref> It is derived from either {{w|Cantonese language|Cantonese}} {{lang|yue|咖啡色}} (''{{lang|yue-Latn|gaa<sup>3</sup> fe<sup>1</sup> sik<sup>1</sup>}}'') or {{w|Mandarin language|Mandarin}} {{lang|cmn|咖啡色}} (''{{lang|cmn-Latn|kāfēisè}}''), meaning "brown" (literally, "coffee color"). <!-- When was it coined? Where is the earliest source of this word? -->


In practice, it is more commonly used for browns than grays, because browns are usually hard to describe with {{tp|pu}} words, while grays can easily be described as {{tp|pimeja walo}} ("light black") or {{tp|walo pimeja}} ("dark white").
In practice, it is more commonly used for browns than grays, because browns are usually hard to describe with {{tp|pu}} words, while grays can easily be described as {{tp|pimeja walo}} ("light black") or {{tp|walo pimeja}} ("dark white").
Line 113: Line 109:
| PoS = content word
| PoS = content word
}}
}}
{{tp|unu}} is a {{a category|unu}}, [[post-pu|post-{{tp|pu}}]] {{tp|[[nimi ku lili]]}} for purple and purple–adjacent colors, including violets, and sometimes magentas and indigos. It was coined by {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} in 2020 and is derived from {{w|Indonesian language|Indonesian}} ''{{lang|id|ungu}}''.<ref>{{cite Discord|name={{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}}|username=sonjalang|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/316063418253705229/791382999231889408|channel={{tok|toki-pona}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|quote={{tok|ken la nimi sin li unu tan nimi}} {{lang|id|ungu}} {{tok|pi toki Intonesija}}}}</ref>
{{tp|unu}} is a {{a category|unu}}, [[post-pu|post-{{tp|pu}}]] {{tp|[[nimi ku lili]]}} for purple and purple–adjacent colors, including violets, and sometimes {{w|magenta}}s and {{w|indigo}}s.<ref>{{cite ku|382}}</ref> It was coined by {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} in 2020 and is derived from {{w|Indonesian language|Indonesian}} ''{{lang|id|ungu}}''.<ref>{{cite Discord|name={{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}}|username=sonjalang|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/316063418253705229/791382999231889408|channel={{tok|toki-pona}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|quote={{tok|ken la nimi sin li unu tan nimi}} {{lang|id|ungu}} {{tok|pi toki Intonesija}}}}</ref>
{{clear}}
{{clear}}


Line 135: Line 131:


==References==
==References==
<references />
<references/>
{{Words}}
{{Words}}

Revision as of 21:00, 11 December 2023

This is a description of colors in Toki Pona. The color words featured in the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good can roughly be compared to the CMYK color model. The words for hue—loje, jelo, laso—describe a red–yellow–"grue" system. pimeja and walo are often used as modifiers to describe shades and tints, respectively.

Core words

kule

kule in sitelen pona
kule in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /ˈku.le/
Usage 2023: Core (99% → )2022: Core (99%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Content word
Codepoint 󱤞 U+F191E

The word kule is a core word relating to colors, hue, pigments, and paint.[1]

kasi ni li kule seme

kasi ni li kule seme?

What color is this plant?

By analogy, kule is sometimes extended to refer to any intrinsic or sensory attribute, such as composition, sensory information (hue, smell, flavor, timbre, texture), or gender identity. The word poki ("container") is used as an antonym for this sense, meaning any extrinsic attribute. Compare the English phrase "to put someone in a box".

The word kule is derived from Acadian French couleur.[2]

loje

loje in sitelen pona
loje in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /ˈlo.je//j/ sounds like English Y, as in "fjord" or "hallelujah".
Usage 2023: Core (99% ↗︎ )2022: Core (98%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Content word
Codepoint 󱤫 U+F192B

loje is used for red and red–adjacent colors, including pinks and magentas.[3] It usually ranges from reddish shades of purple to reddish shades of orange and brown. Other colors that can be described as loje include burgundy, crimson, fuchsia, maroon, rust, salmon, scarlet, and vermilion.

The word loje is derived from Dutch rooie, an inflected form of rood.[2]

jelo

jelo in sitelen pona
jelo in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /ˈje.lo//j/ sounds like English Y, as in "fjord" or "hallelujah".
Usage 2023: Core (100% ↗︎ )2022: Core (98%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Content word
Codepoint 󱤒 U+F1912

jelo is used for yellow and yellow–adjacent colors.[4] It usually ranges from yellowish shades of orange and brown to very yellowish shades of green. Other colors that can be described as jelo include amber, gold, and lime.

The word jelo is derived from English yellow.[2]

mi jelo e nimi lipu　

mi jelo e nimi lipu.

I highlight [as yellow] the words of the book.

laso

laso in sitelen pona
laso in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /ˈla.so/
Usage 2023: Core (99% ↗︎ )2022: Core (98%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Content word
Codepoint 󱤣 U+F1923

laso is used for turquoise and turquoise–adjacent colors, including blues and greens.[5] It usually ranges from greens to bluish shades of violet. Toki Pona lacks the distinction between blue and green, linguists call this umbrella color term "grue". Other colors that can be described as laso include aquamarine, azure, cobalt, cyan, indigo, lime, mint, navy, olive, and teal.

tenpo lete la kasi li weka e laso ona

tenpo lete la kasi li weka e laso ona.

In autumn, trees get rid of their greenness.

The word laso is derived from Welsh glas, meaning only "blue" in modern Welsh, but used to cover colors like green and silver.[2]

walo

walo in sitelen pona
walo in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /ˈwa.lo/
Usage 2023: Core (100% ↗︎ )2022: Core (98%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Content word
Codepoint 󱥲 U+F1972

walo is used for any pale or light color, especially those approaching white.[6] While walo and suno can both be translated as "light", they mean different things. suno refers to light itself, and may modify and describe objects that emit light. On the other hand, walo refers to the lightness of a color alone.

The word walo is derived from Finnish valko-, the combining form of valkoinen, meaning "white".[2]

pimeja

pimeja in sitelen pona
pimeja in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /ˈpi.me.ja//j/ sounds like English Y, as in "fjord" or "hallelujah".
Usage 2023: Core (100% ↗︎ )2022: Core (99%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Content word
Codepoint 󱥏 U+F194F

pimeja is used for any dark color, especially those approaching black.[7] pimeja is also used for "darkness", as an antonym of suno ("light"), and can be used to describe shadows, unlit spaces, and the night.

The word pimeja is derived from Finnish pimeä, meaning "black".[2]

Color mixing

Under construction This section needs work:

it needs explanations of expressions like "laso loje", "loje walo", "pimeja laso", "waso pimeja walo" vs. "waso pi pimeja walo", maybe "jelo wawa" vs. "jelo pi wawa ala", etc.

If you know about this topic, you can help us by editing it. (See all)
Difference betwen len loje jelo (red and yellow fabric) and len pi loje jelo (yellowish red fabric)

Color words can be combined into phrases to "mix" their respective colors and describe more specific colors more closely. It is usually thought of in a subtractive color space, which works like mixing paints or ink (whereas an additive color space works like shining colored spotlights).

For example, the phrases laso loje ("reddish blue") and loje laso ("bluish red") are common ways to say purple. They may refer to somewhat different hues, leaning in the direction of the head (first) noun. In this case, laso loje would describe more bluish purples, and loje laso would describe more reddish purples.

Nonstandard words

Caution: The subject of this article is nonstandard and will not be understood by most speakers.
If you are a learner, this information will not help you speak the language. It is recommended to familiarize yourself with the standard style, and to be informed and selective about which nonstandard styles you adopt.

kapesi

Pronunciation /ˈka.pe.si/
Usage 2023: Obscure4, Rare6 (19% ↗︎ )Caution: Most speakers don't use this word.2022: Rare (14%)
Book and era nimi ku lili (pre-pu)
Part of speech Content word

kapesi is an obscure, pre-pu nimi ku lili for brown and gray.[8] It is derived from either Cantonese 咖啡色 (gaa3 fe1 sik1) or Mandarin 咖啡色 (kāfēisè), meaning "brown" (literally, "coffee color").

In practice, it is more commonly used for browns than grays, because browns are usually hard to describe with pu words, while grays can easily be described as pimeja walo ("light black") or walo pimeja ("dark white").

unu

Pronunciation /ˈu.nu/
Usage 2023: Obscure4, Rare6 (16% ↗︎ )Caution: Most speakers don't use this word.2022: Rare (12%)
Book and era nimi ku lili (post-pu)
Part of speech Content word

unu is a an obscure, post-pu nimi ku lili for purple and purple–adjacent colors, including violets, and sometimes magentas and indigos.[9] It was coined by jan Sonja in 2020 and is derived from Indonesian ungu.[10]

nalanja

Pronunciation /ˈna.lan.ja//j/ sounds like English Y, as in "fjord" or "hallelujah".
Usage 2023: Obscure (3% ↗︎ )Caution: Most speakers don't understand this word.2022: Obscure (1%)
Book and era No book (post-ku)
Part of speech Content word

nalanja is an obscure word for orange colors. It was derived from Spanish naranja, meaning "orange".[citation needed]

peta

Pronunciation /ˈpe.ta/
Usage 2023: Obscure (2% ↗︎ )Caution: Most speakers don't understand this word.2022: Obscure (1%)
Book and era No book (post-pu)
Part of speech Content word

peta is an obscure word intended for green and green–adjacent colors, as well as meanings related to verdancy, liveliness, and eco-friendliness.[11] It was coined by kili Tesa in 2019, and is derived from Esperanto verda, meaning "green".

References

  1. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 256.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
  3. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 271.
  4. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 234.
  5. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 261.
  6. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 283.
  7. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 328.
  8. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 242.
  9. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 382.
  10. ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (23 December 2020). [Message posted in the #toki-pona channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. "ken la nimi sin li unu tan nimi ungu pi toki Intonesija".
  11. ↑ kili Tesa [@jezzzzzzzzzz]. (9 November 2019). [Message posted in the #pana-sona channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord.
Parts of speech Content words (Roles · Prepositions · Preverbs · Names · Numbers) · Particles (Semiparticles) · Interjections
Usage Book presence (nimi pu · nimi ku) · Eras (pre-pu · post-pu · post-ku) · Usage categories · nimi sin · Synonyms · Reserved words · Place and language names
Core words a · akesi · ala · alasa · ale / ali · anpa · ante · anu · awen · e · en · esun · ijo · ike · ilo · insa · jaki · jan · jelo · jo · kala · kalama · kama · kasi · ken · kepeken · kili · kiwen · ko · kon · kule · kulupu · kute · la · lape · laso · lawa · len · lete · li · lili · linja · lipu · loje · lon · luka · lukin · lupa · ma · mama · mani · mi · moku · moli · monsi · mu · mun · musi · mute · nanpa · nasa · nasin · nena · ni · nimi · noka · o · olin · ona · open · pakala · pali · palisa · pan · pana · pi · pilin · pimeja · pini · pipi · poka · poki · pona · pu · sama · seli · selo · seme · sewi · sijelo · sike · sin · sina · sinpin · sitelen · sona · soweli · suli · suno · supa · suwi · tan · taso · tawa · telo · tenpo · toki · tomo · tu · unpa · uta · utala · walo · wan · waso · wawa · weka · wile
Common words kijetesantakalu · kin · kipisi · ku · leko · meli · mije · misikeke · monsuta · n · namako · soko · tonsi
Uncommon words epiku · jasima · kokosila · lanpan · linluwi · majuna · meso · nimisin · oko
Resources Dictionaries · Glossary · Cognates · Glosses · Minimal pairs
Retrieved from "https://sona.pona.la/wiki/Colors?oldid=7121"