Personal pronouns: Difference between revisions
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The '''personal pronouns''' in [[Toki Pona]] are '''{{tp|mi}}''' (first |
The '''personal pronouns''' in [[Toki Pona]] are '''{{tp|mi}}''' (first-person), '''{{tp|sina}}''' (second-person), and '''{{tp|ona}}''' (third-person). In terms of number and syntax, pronouns act the same as any other [[content word]]. |
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==Number== |
==Number== |
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Pronouns |
Pronouns are generally not marked for [[number]]. They can be either singular or plural: |
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| ⚫ | |||
I/me |
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| ⚫ | |||
we/us |
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| mi |
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| I/me<br/>we/us |
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}} |
}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
you |
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| ⚫ | |||
y'all <small>(or any other plural form)</small> |
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| sina |
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| you<br/>you (plural) |
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}} |
}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ona |
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| ⚫ | |||
they/them |
they/them |
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}} |
}} |
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If number must be specified, it can be added as a [[modifier]]: |
If number must be specified, it can be added as a [[modifier]]: |
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{| |
{| |
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|{{Example|mi [[wan]]|I}} |
|{{Example|mi [[wan]]|I}} |
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|{{Example|mi [[tu]]|us two}} |
|{{Example|mi [[tu]]|us two}} |
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|{{Example|mi [[mute]]|we<ref> |
|{{Example|mi [[mute]]|we<ref group="note">Similarly to other content words, {{tp|mute}} is generally reserved for three or more individuals. If "we" refers to two people it is more common to use {{tp|mi tu}} or just {{tp|mi}} instead of {{tp|mi mute}}.</ref>}} |
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|{{Example|mi [[ale]]|we all}} |
|{{Example|mi [[ale]]|we all}} |
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|} |
|} |
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==Possessives== |
==Possessives== |
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When used as modifiers, personal pronouns almost always imply possession: |
When used as modifiers, personal pronouns almost always imply possession: |
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{{Example|[[ijo]] <u>mi</u>| |
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<u>my</u> stuff |
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<u>our</u> stuff |
{{Example|ijo <u>mi</u>|<u>my</u> stuff<br/><u>our</u> stuff}} |
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}} |
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{{Example|ijo <u>sina</u>|<u>your</u> stuff}} |
{{Example|ijo <u>sina</u>|<u>your</u> stuff}} |
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{{Example|ijo <u>ona</u>|<u>their</u> stuff}} |
{{Example|ijo <u>ona</u>|<u>their</u> stuff}} |
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==Distinction== |
==Distinction== |
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Pronouns |
Pronouns are not marked for {{wp|gender}}. One can narrow down the referent of a pronoun by using any quality as a modifier. |
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| ⚫ | |||
{{Example| |
{{Example|ona jelo|the yellow one(s) of them}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
=={{tp|li}} dropping== |
=={{tp|li}} dropping== |
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{{Main|li}} |
{{Main|li}} |
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If the [[subject]] of a [[sentence]] is only {{tp|mi}} or only {{tp|sina}}, the {{tp|[[li]]}} that would follow is dropped. |
If the [[subject]] of a [[sentence]] is only {{tp|mi}} or only {{tp|sina}}, the particle {{tp|[[li]]}}, that would usually follow it, is dropped. |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Example|mi |
{{Example|mi pona. ijo mi <ins>li</ins> pona.}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Example|ona <ins>li</ins> pona.}} |
{{Example|ona <ins>li</ins> pona.}} |
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==Other pronouns== |
==Other pronouns== |
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{{tp|[[ni]]}} ("that") and {{tp|[[seme]]}} ("what") are also pronouns, as they stand in for a content word or phrase, but they are not personal pronouns. See also [[ona vs ni|{{tp|ona}} vs {{tp|ni}}]]. |
The words {{tp|[[ni]]}} ("this, that") and {{tp|[[seme]]}} ("what") are also pronouns, as they stand in for a content word or phrase, but they are not personal pronouns. See also [[ona vs ni|{{tp|ona}} vs {{tp|ni}}]]. |
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==Notes== |
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{{Words}} |
{{Words}} |
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[[Category:Parts of speech]] |
[[Category:Parts of speech]] |
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Revision as of 19:28, 3 October 2023
  | |
| Pronunciation | /mi/ |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (100% → )2022: Core (100%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Content word |
| Codepoint | U+F1934 |
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| Pronunciation | /ˈsi |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (100% → )2022: Core (100%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Content word |
| Codepoint | U+F195E |
  | |
| Pronunciation | /ˈo |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (100% ↗︎ )2022: Core (99%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Content word |
| Codepoint | U+F1946 |
The personal pronouns in Toki Pona are mi (first-person), sina (second-person), and ona (third-person). In terms of number and syntax, pronouns act the same as any other content word.
Number
Pronouns are generally not marked for number. They can be either singular or plural:
mimi
I/me
we/us
sinasina
you
you (plural)
onaona
it, she/her, he/him, singular they/them
they/them
If number must be specified, it can be added as a modifier:
|
|
|
|
Possessives
When used as modifiers, personal pronouns almost always imply possession:
ijo miijo mi
my stuff
our stuff
ijo sinaijo sina
your stuff
ijo onaijo ona
their stuff
Distinction
Pronouns are not marked for gender. One can narrow down the referent of a pronoun by using any quality as a modifier.
ona jeloona jelo
the yellow one(s) of them
sina suli o!sina suli o!
Hey, the tall one(s) of you!
li dropping
If the subject of a sentence is only mi or only sina, the particle li, that would usually follow it, is dropped.
mi pona ijo mi li ponami pona. ijo mi li pona.
sina pona sina kin li ponasina pona. sina kin li pona.
mi en sina li ponami en sina li pona.
ona li ponaona li pona.
Other pronouns
The words ni ("this, that") and seme ("what") are also pronouns, as they stand in for a content word or phrase, but they are not personal pronouns. See also ona vs ni.
Notes
- ↑ Similarly to other content words, mute is generally reserved for three or more individuals. If "we" refers to two people it is more common to use mi tu or just mi instead of mi mute.