Synonyms: Difference between revisions
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'''Synonyms''' are words with the same meaning. They are the opposite of [[antonym]]s. |
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=="Synonyms" in {{tp|pu}}== |
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==''pu'' "synonyms"== |
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{{nasin pu}} |
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{{pu}} lists the following 3 words as "synonyms", not counted among the 120 {{tp|[[nimi pu]]}}: |
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The book {{lipu pu|en}} lists three words—{{tp|[[kin]]}}, {{tp|[[oko]]}}, and {{tp|[[namako]]}}—as "synonyms" of the {{tp|[[a]]}}, {{tp|[[lukin]]}}, and {{tp|[[sin]]}}, respectively. These "synonyms" are generally not counted among the 120 {{tp|[[nimi pu]]}}. |
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{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto;" |
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!Word |
!Word |
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!Definition in practice |
!Definition in practice |
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Those words have been in use before and since the publication of {{tp|pu}}, but with different meanings from their supposed relatives. Calling them "synonyms" was a deliberate attempt to merge them.<ref>Messages from {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} in {{tok|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}}: [//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301378960468738050/814051883823529994 {{tp|kin}}], [//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301378960468738050/817348200818016256 {{tp|namako}}], [//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301378960468738050/824353817285230612 {{tp|oko}}].</ref> {{tp|[[ku]]}} acknowledges that the words have retained their separate meanings among those who use them. |
Those words have been in use before and since the publication of {{tp|pu}}, but with different meanings from their supposed relatives. Calling them "synonyms" was a deliberate attempt to merge them.<ref>Messages from {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} in {{tok|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}}: [//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301378960468738050/814051883823529994 {{tp|kin}}], [//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301378960468738050/817348200818016256 {{tp|namako}}], [//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301378960468738050/824353817285230612 {{tp|oko}}].</ref> {{tp|[[ku]]}} acknowledges that the words have retained their separate meanings among those who use them. |
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The merger of these words was mostly successful with {{tp|lukin/oko}}, and mostly unsuccessful with {{tp|sin/namako}} and {{tp|a/kin}}. However, {{tp|kin}}'s original role as an emphasis marker moved completely to {{tp|a}}, which was previously only a sentence-final particle to indicate emotion.<ref>The 2007 definitions in [https://web.archive.org/web/20190716152334/http://tokipona.net/tp/ClassicWordList.aspx Classic Word List] define {{tp|a}} as an "emotion word" and {{tp|kin}} as a word that "emphasizes the word(s) before it".</ref> |
The merger of these words was mostly successful with {{tp|lukin/oko}}, and mostly unsuccessful with {{tp|sin/namako}} and {{tp|a/kin}}. However, {{tp|kin}}'s original role as an emphasis marker moved completely to {{tp|a}}, which was previously only a sentence-final particle to indicate emotion.<ref>The 2007 definitions in [https://web.archive.org/web/20190716152334/http://tokipona.net/tp/ClassicWordList.aspx Classic Word List] define {{tp|a}} as an "emotion word" and {{tp|kin}} as a word that "emphasizes the word(s) before it".</ref> Below is an overview of how meanings changed over time: |
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{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto;" |
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!Word |
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! |
!Pre-{{tp|pu}} usage |
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! |
!Usage in {{tp|pu}} |
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! |
!Post-{{tp|pu}} usage |
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|- |
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!{{tp|a}} |
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|''emotion particle'' |
|''emotion particle'' |
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| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;" | ''emotion particle'', |
| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;" | ''emotion particle'', ''emphasis marker'' |
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| ''emotion particle'', |
| ''emotion particle'', ''emphasis marker'' |
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|- |
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!{{tp|kin}} |
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|also, (uncommon: ''emphasis marker'') |
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|also |
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|- |
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!{{tp|sin}} |
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|new, another, more |
|new, another, more |
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| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"| new, another, more, |
| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"| new, another, more, extra, additional |
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|new, another, more |
|new, another, more |
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|- |
|- |
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!{{tp|namako}} |
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|spice, embellishment, extra, additional |
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|spice, embellishment, extra, additional |
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|- |
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!{{tp|lukin}} |
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|see, look, visual |
|see, look, visual |
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| rowspan=2 | see, look, visual, |
| rowspan=2 | see, look, visual, eye, try |
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| see, look, visual, |
| see, look, visual, eye, try |
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|- |
|- |
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!{{tp|oko}} |
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|eye |
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|eye, (uncommon: see, look) |
|eye, (uncommon: see, look) |
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==={{tp|ali}}=== |
==={{tp|ali}}=== |
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{{Main|ale#ali}} |
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{{tp|[[ali]]}} is generally considered a pronunciation variant of {{tp|[[ale]]}}, rather than a separate |
{{tp|[[ali]]}} is generally considered a pronunciation variant of {{tp|[[ale]]}}, rather than a separate word. |
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=={{tp|nimi sin}}== |
=={{tp|nimi sin}}== |
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There are some {{tp|[[nimi sin]]}} coined at different times, which happen to coincide in meaning: |
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* cross: {{tp|aka, eki, '''natu'''}} |
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* cross: {{tp|[[aka]]}}, {{tp|[[eki]]}}, {{tp|[[natu]]}}<ref group="lower-alpha">The words {{tp|aka}} and {{tp|eki}} are considered [[:Category:Deprecated words|deprecated]] and synonymous of the main word {{tp|natu}}.</ref> |
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* dream: {{tp|jume, oni}} |
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* |
* dream: {{tp|[[jume]]}}, {{tp|[[oni]]}} |
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* three: {{tp|[[san]]}}, {{tp|[[tuli]]}} |
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* four: {{tp|[[neja]]}}, {{tp|[[po]]}} |
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==Reforms== |
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Some speakers propose (or merely personally use) new spellings for existing words, e.g. for closer resemblance to their etymology. |
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===Pre-{{tp|pu}} reforms=== |
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{{Main|Archaic words}} |
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A few words included in {{tp|[[Toki Pona: The Language of Good|pu]]}} underwent changes between their inception and the book being published, namely: |
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* {{tp|[[ona]]}} from {{tp|iki}} |
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* {{tp|[[nena]]}} from {{tp|kapa}} |
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* {{tp|[[noka]]}} from {{tp|jalan}} |
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{{tp|[[ali]]}} was an attempted reform too, but it only succeeded as a variant and not a community-wide replacement. |
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==={{tp|teken}}=== |
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{{nimi|teken |
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|PoS=content word |
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}} |
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{{Needs media|scope=infobox|a {{tp|sitelen pona}} image}} |
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{{tp|teken}} is {{a category|teken}} alternate form for {{tp|[[sitelen]]}},<ref>{{cite Discord|url=//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/316066233755631616/1070995484849741864|channel={{tok|jaki}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|author=Asiku|username=asiku|access-date=2024-01-17|quote=}}<blockquote>.. {{tok|teken}}<br />"{{tok|teken}}" is the same as "{{tok|sitelen}}"<br />Full writeup coming soon</blockquote></ref> derived from Dutch ''{{wt|teken#Dutch|{{lang|nl|teken}}}}'' ("sign, symbol, character") instead of ''{{wt|schilderen#Dutch|{{lang|nl|schilderen}}}}'' ("to paint").<ref name="asiku-teken">{{cite Discord|username=asiku|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|channel={{tok|toki-suli}}|thread={{tok|linja lipamanka}}|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/1053850152932233266/1070995609349271623|quote=this {{tok|nimisin}} exists because the word "{{lang|nl|schilderen}}" in dutch does not actually mean what {{tok|sitelen}} means, but the word "{{lang|nl|teken}}" does|author={{tok|jan Asiku}}|access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref> It was first mentioned on {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} by {{tok|jan Kasape}},<ref>{{cite Discord|username=casperdewith|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|channel={{tok|musi-ako}}|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/786041291707777034/998713553034944632|quote={{tok|lon. mi la, ‘tekenen’ / ‘teken’ li pona mute.}}|author={{tok|jan Kasape}}|access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref> with {{tok|jan Asiku}} being another vocal supporter. The proposed {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for it ({{sp|teken}}) is similar to that of {{tp|sitelen}}, but with the three dots replaced by a horizontal line.<ref>{{cite Discord|username=asiku|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|channel={{tok|toki-suli}}|thread={{tok|linja lipamanka}}|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/1053850152932233266/1070995609349271623|quote={{tok|nimi sin}} request: "{{tok|teken}}" [Image]|author={{tok|jan Asiku}}|access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref> |
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{{Clear}} |
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==={{tp|linuwi}}=== |
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{{nimi|linuwi |
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|PoS=content word |
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}} |
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{{Needs media|scope=infobox|a {{tp|sitelen pona}} image}} |
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{{tp|linuwi}} is an alternate spelling for {{tp|[[linluwi]]}}, proposed by {{tok|[[jan Kekan San]]}}. His {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for it ({{sp|linuwi4}}) is based on {{tp|[[kulupu]]}}, with lines connecting the 3 circles.<ref>{{cite Discord|username=gregdan3|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|channel={{tok|sona-musi}}|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/375591429608570881/1059157634659397632|author={{tok|[[jan Kekan San]]}}|access-date=2024-01-17}} |
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<blockquote> |
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{{tok|linluwi}} redeption arc:<br /> |
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it's '''{{tok|linuwi}}'''<br /> |
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it's drawn by starting with {{tok|kulupu}} and connecting them with 3 lines (see reply)<br /> |
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its definition is the same as people already use it and if you say it's just internet i accuse you of calque |
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</blockquote></ref> |
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{{Clear}} |
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==Notes== |
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<references group="lower-alpha"/> |
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{{Wikipedia|synonyms}} |
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{{Words}} |
{{Words}} |
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[[Category:Words]] |
[[Category:Words]] |
Latest revision as of 01:13, 13 March 2024
Synonyms are words with the same meaning. They are the opposite of antonyms.
"Synonyms" in pu[edit | edit source]
The book Toki Pona: The Language of Good lists three words—kin, oko, and namako—as "synonyms" of the a, lukin, and sin, respectively. These "synonyms" are generally not counted among the 120 nimi pu.
Word | Definition in practice | "Synonym" | Merged definition |
---|---|---|---|
kin | also | a | emotion particle, emphasis marker |
namako | spice, extra | sin | new, extra |
oko | eye | lukin | see, eye, (pre-verb) try |
Those words have been in use before and since the publication of pu, but with different meanings from their supposed relatives. Calling them "synonyms" was a deliberate attempt to merge them.[1] ku acknowledges that the words have retained their separate meanings among those who use them.
The merger of these words was mostly successful with lukin/oko, and mostly unsuccessful with sin/namako and a/kin. However, kin's original role as an emphasis marker moved completely to a, which was previously only a sentence-final particle to indicate emotion.[2] Below is an overview of how meanings changed over time:
Word | Pre-pu usage | Usage in pu | Post-pu usage |
---|---|---|---|
a | emotion particle | emotion particle, emphasis marker | emotion particle, emphasis marker |
kin | also, (uncommon: emphasis marker) | also | |
sin | new, another, more | new, another, more, extra, additional | new, another, more |
namako | spice, embellishment, extra, additional | spice, embellishment, extra, additional | |
lukin | see, look, visual | see, look, visual, eye, try | see, look, visual, eye, try |
oko | eye | eye, (uncommon: see, look) |
ali[edit | edit source]
ali is generally considered a pronunciation variant of ale, rather than a separate word.
nimi sin[edit | edit source]
There are some nimi sin coined at different times, which happen to coincide in meaning:
Reforms[edit | edit source]
Some speakers propose (or merely personally use) new spellings for existing words, e.g. for closer resemblance to their etymology.
Pre-pu reforms[edit | edit source]
A few words included in pu underwent changes between their inception and the book being published, namely:
ali was an attempted reform too, but it only succeeded as a variant and not a community-wide replacement.
teken[edit | edit source]
Pronunciation | /ˈte |
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Usage | 2023: Not notable (0%) Most speakers don't understand this word. |
Book and era | No book |
Part of speech | Content word |
teken is a marginal alternate form for sitelen,[3] derived from Dutch teken ("sign, symbol, character") instead of schilderen ("to paint").[4] It was first mentioned on ma pona pi toki pona by jan Kasape,[5] with jan Asiku being another vocal supporter. The proposed sitelen pona glyph for it (teken) is similar to that of sitelen, but with the three dots replaced by a horizontal line.[6]
linuwi[edit | edit source]
Pronunciation | /ˈli |
---|---|
Usage | 2023: N/A This word has not been surveyed for. Most speakers likely don't understand it. |
Book and era | No book |
Part of speech | Content word |
linuwi is an alternate spelling for linluwi, proposed by jan Kekan San. His sitelen pona glyph for it (linuwi4) is based on kulupu, with lines connecting the 3 circles.[7]
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ The words aka and eki are considered deprecated and synonymous of the main word natu.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Messages from jan Sonja in ma pona pi toki pona: kin, namako, oko.
- ↑ The 2007 definitions in Classic Word List define a as an "emotion word" and kin as a word that "emphasizes the word(s) before it".
- ↑ Asiku [@asiku]. (3 February 2023). [Message posted in the
#jaki
channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 17 January 2024... teken
"teken" is the same as "sitelen"
Full writeup coming soon - ↑ jan Asiku [@asiku]. (3 February 2023). [Message posted in the
#linja lipamanka
thread in the#toki-suli
channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 17 January 2024. "this nimisin exists because the word "schilderen" in dutch does not actually mean what sitelen means, but the word "teken" does". - ↑ jan Kasape [@casperdewith]. (18 July 2022). [Message posted in the
#musi-ako
channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 17 January 2024. "lon. mi la, ‘tekenen’ / ‘teken’ li pona mute.". - ↑ jan Asiku [@asiku]. (3 February 2023). [Message posted in the
#linja lipamanka
thread in the#toki-suli
channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 17 January 2024. "nimi sin request: "teken" [Image]". - ↑ jan Kekan San [@gregdan3]. (1 January 2023). [Message posted in the
#sona-musi
channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 17 January 2024.linluwi redeption arc:
it's linuwi
it's drawn by starting with kulupu and connecting them with 3 lines (see reply)
its definition is the same as people already use it and if you say it's just internet i accuse you of calque