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'''{{tp|anpa}}''' is {{a category}} [[content word]] |
'''{{tp|anpa}}''' is {{a category}} [[content word]], used as a [[spatial word]], relating to something physically lowered, and figuratively, to the lowering of one's standing. |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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==Semantic space== |
==Semantic space== |
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{{Needs work|inclusion of more meanings, how do the figurative meanings tie to each other?|section}} |
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{{Example |
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|mi lon <mark>anpa</mark> supa. |
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|We are <mark>under</mark> the furniture. |
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When used figuratively, it includes lowering oneself, as in bowing or praying. |
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|mi lon <mark>anpa </mark>supa |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|o <mark>anpa</mark> e luka sina. |
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|<mark>Lower</mark> your hand. |
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|o <mark>anpa </mark>e luka sina |
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Figuratively, {{tp|anpa}} includes a lower place in a {{w|Social stratification|social hierarchy}} and submission to another entity, as in bowing or praying. This can include defeat in any sort of {{tp|[[utala]]}}, and associated feelings like shame.<ref>{{cite lipamanka}}</ref> |
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The difference between {{tp|anpa}} and {{tp|[[noka]]}} varies between dialects. In the section "Lesson 15: Spatial Nouns" of the book {{pu|en}}, the word {{tp|noka}} (generally meaning "legs, feet") is introduced for the sense of "below".<ref name="pu"/> In {{tok|jan Pije}}'s lessons, the word {{tp|anpa}} is instead used.<ref>{{tok|jan Pije}}. [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Updated_jan_Pije%27s_lessons/Lesson_7_Prepositions_2_Other_prepositions Updated {{tok|jan Pije}}'s lessons: Lesson 7: Prepositions 2: Other prepositions]. ''Wikibooks''. Retrieved 2 November 2023.</ref><ref>{{tok|jan Tepan}} [stefichjo] (2020).[https://github.com/stefichjo/toki-pona/blob/master/pije.md Traditional Toki Pona (Pije)]. ''GitHub''. Retrieved 2 November 2023.</ref> In modern day speech, the latter style is preferred. |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|sina en mi li <mark>anpa</mark> tawa sewi.<ref>{{cite pu}}</ref> |
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| pipi li lon anpa mi. |
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| The bug is underneath me. ({{tok|jan Pije}}'s style) |
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|sina en mi li <mark>anpa </mark>tawa sewi |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|musi sike suli la kulupu li <mark>anpa</mark>. |
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| pipi li lon noka mi. |
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|At the important ball game, the team <mark>lost</mark>. |
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| The bug is underneath me. ({{tok|jan Sonja}}'s style) |
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It is sometimes used to refer to south{{citation needed|date=2024-02-22}} as downwards is the conventional direction as shown in most maps. However, this is often proscribed as it leads to ambiguity, and other words, such as {{tp|[[seli]]}}, are more commonly used. |
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Some speakers use {{tp|lon anpa}} to mean "directly underneath", and {{tp|lon noka}} for "at the foot (of)", that is, next to the lowest part. |
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{{Main|noka vs. anpa|{{tp|noka}} vs. {{tp|anpa}}}} |
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When used in [[preposition]]al phrases, {{tp|anpa}} and {{tp|[[noka]]}} may have [[synonym]]ous or distinct meanings, depending on the speaker. The phrase {{tp|lon anpa}} is more common for "at the bottom (of)". |
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==={{tp|ku}}=== |
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For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|anpa}}:<ref>{{cite ku|201}}</ref> |
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{{ku data}} |
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=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
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The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|anpa}} is derived from the box radical |
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|anpa}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|anpa}}}}) is derived from the open [[box radical]] with a [[location dot]] placed beneath it. Compare the glyphs for other spatial words—{{tp|[[insa]]}}, {{tp|[[monsi]]}}, {{tp|[[sinpin]]}}, {{tp|[[poka]]}}, as well as the secular version of {{tp|[[sewi]]}}. |
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=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}== |
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{{Empty}} |
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<!--The {{tp|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} glyph for {{tp|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} ({{ss|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}}) depicts/represents/is derived from/is composed of ….--> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<references/> |
<references/> |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{R:Linku}} |
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* {{R:Wikipesija}} |
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* {{R:Wiktionary}} |
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{{Words}} |
{{Words}} |
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Revision as of 23:58, 25 March 2024
  | |
| Pronunciation | /ˈan |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (99% → )2022: Core (99%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Content word |
| Codepoint | U+F1905 |
| Part of a series on |
| Front view |
| Side view |
| Left and right · noka vs. anpa |
anpa is a core content word, used as a spatial word, relating to something physically lowered, and figuratively, to the lowering of one's standing.
Etymology
The word anpa is derived from Acadian French en bas, meaning "below".[1]
Semantic space
The semantic space of anpa, when used as a spatial word, includes spaces and objects physically lowered or those below or beneath something else.
mi lon anpa supami lon anpa supa.
We are under the furniture.
o anpa e luka sinao anpa e luka sina.
Lower your hand.
Figuratively, anpa includes a lower place in a social hierarchy and submission to another entity, as in bowing or praying. This can include defeat in any sort of utala, and associated feelings like shame.[2]
sina en mi li anpa tawa sewisina en mi li anpa tawa sewi.[3]
You and I are lowly from the perspective of God.
We bow towards God.
musi sike suli la kulupu li anpamusi sike suli la kulupu li anpa.
At the important ball game, the team lost.
It is sometimes used to refer to south[citation needed] as downwards is the conventional direction as shown in most maps. However, this is often proscribed as it leads to ambiguity, and other words, such as seli, are more commonly used.
Difference from noka
When used in prepositional phrases, anpa and noka may have synonymous or distinct meanings, depending on the speaker. The phrase lon anpa is more common for "at the bottom (of)".
pu
In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines anpa as:
ADJECTIVE bowing down, downward, humble, lowly, dependent
ku
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as anpa:[4]
down5, bottom4, lower4, defeat3, below3, beneath3, under2, bow2, underlying2
sitelen pona
The sitelen pona glyph for anpa () is derived from the open box radical with a location dot placed beneath it. Compare the glyphs for other spatial words—insa, monsi, sinpin, poka, as well as the secular version of sewi.
sitelen sitelen
References
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ lipamanka. "toki pona dictionary". lipamanka.gay.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (25 May 2014). Toki Pona: The Language of Good. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292300. OCLC 921253340.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 201.
Further reading
- "anpa" on lipu Linku
- "anpa" on lipu Wikipesija
- "anpa" on English Wiktionary