esun: Difference between revisions
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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The etymology of the word {{tp|esun}} is uncertain. In 2020, {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} stated that "{{tok|esun}} was told [to her] by a taxi driver who spoke a language from the {{w|Akan languages|Akan family}} in {{w|West Africa}}".<ref>{{cite Discord|name={{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}}|username=sonjalang|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/599425964325470209/782477889777172480|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|channel=tomo-toki-ante|quote={{tok|esun}} was told to me by a taxi driver who spoke a language from the Akan family in West Africa}}</ref> However, it is unclear which language and which word it originated from. |
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The word might possibly originate from {{w|Twi language|Twi}} ''{{lang|tw|edwom}}'', meaning "market (place)",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://learnakandictionary.com/english-twi/market/|title=Twi Translation of "market"|website=LEARNAKANDICTIONARY.COM|access-date=19 October 2023}}</ref> as noted by {{tok|ale sa}} in 2023.<ref>{{cite Discord|name={{tok|ale sa}}|username=nim64|url=https://discord.com/channels/969386329513295872/969799336563212298/1163307396924444803|server={{tp|kama sona}}|channel=learning-general}}</ref> |
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==Semantic space== |
==Semantic space== |
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The [[semantic space]] space of {{tp| |
The [[semantic space]] space of {{tp|esun}} includes the act or an instance of trading and exchanging, commonly but not universally relating to money.<ref name="cite lipamanka">{{cite lipamanka}}</ref> It may refer to either buying or selling depending on context. |
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By extension, it may refer to any kind of exchanging, it can be anything either concrete—such as {{w|barter}} or swapping objects—or abstract—such as exchanging knowledge.<ref name="cite lipamanka" /> |
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| ⚫ | |||
{{Example |
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|mi <mark>esun</mark> e moku tawa sina. |
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|I purchased food for you. |
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|mi <mark>esun </mark>e moku tawa sina |
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}} |
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{{Example |
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|ona li <mark>esun</mark> mute e kasi tawa ma ante.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://liputenpo.org/kasi-kawa-en-telo-kawa/|title=kasi Kawa en telo Kawa|lang=tok|website={{tp|lipu tenpo}}|author={{tok|jan Alonola}}|date=2024-01-01|access-date=2024-02-07}}</ref> |
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|They sold plants to many lands |
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|ona li <mark>esun </mark>mute e kasi tawa ma ante |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | It includes anything relating to trading, as well as a place of business. For the place, some examples include {{w|market}}s, {{w|shop}}s, {{w|fair}}s, and {{w|bazaar}}s. The phrase [[Common lexicalizations|{{tp|tenpo esun}}]] is a common way to say "week", which literally means "the time relating to business". |
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==={{tp|pu}}=== |
==={{tp|pu}}=== |
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In the "[[Dictionary (pu)|Official Toki Pona Dictionary]]" section, the book {{pu|en}} defines {{tp|esun}} as: |
In the "[[Dictionary (pu)|Official Toki Pona Dictionary]]" section, the book {{pu|en}} defines {{tp|esun}} as: |
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{{pu def |
{{pu def}} |
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==={{tp|ku}}=== |
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For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|esun}}:<ref>{{cite ku|205–206}}</ref> |
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{{ku data}} |
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=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
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The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|esun}} is derived from the {{w|Mi'kmaq hieroglyphs}}, according to {{tok|jan Sonja}} in a message from 2021.<ref>{{cite Discord|name={{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}}|username=sonjalang|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301377942062366741/813973250320760852|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|channel={{tok|toki-pona}}|quote=i think that [symbol] is from Mikmaq}}</ref> It is unknown, however, which hieroglyph it originated from. |
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|esun}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|esun}}}}) is derived from the {{w|Mi'kmaq hieroglyphs}}, according to {{tok|jan Sonja}} in a message from 2021.<ref>{{cite Discord|name={{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}}|username=sonjalang|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301377942062366741/813973250320760852|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|channel={{tok|toki-pona}}|quote=i think that [symbol] is from Mikmaq}}</ref> It is unknown, however, which hieroglyph it originated from. The closest thing found is the 32nd glyph in Page 5 of Buch das gut. |
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=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}== |
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{{Empty}} |
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<!--The {{tp|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} glyph for {{tp|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} ({{ss|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}}) depicts/represents/is derived from/is composed of ….--> |
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==History== |
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{{Start section|Historical}} |
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The word {{tp|esun}} was first used in the [[Toki Pona Forums]] around 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forums.tokipona.org/viewtopic.php?p=4314#p4314|title=Re: New member - some Questions |
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|website=Toki Pona Forums|author=Rodrigo Portela Sánchez|date=2007-12-02|access-date=2024-02-21}}</ref> In 2009, the Toki Pona Wiki defined the word as the following, focusing primarily on the sense of the place and event of market.<ref name="ote2009">{{cite web|url=http://forums.tokipona.org/viewtopic.php?t=1146|title=Comments on esun|website=Toki Pona Forums|author={{tok|jan Ote}}|date=2009-10-09|access-date=2024-02-21}}</ref> |
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<blockquote> |
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1. market |
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: a community event where people trade goods; market, marketplace, bazaar, trading place |
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2. store |
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: a place where goods are offered for sale; store, shop |
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</blockquote> |
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In a forum thread, {{tok|jan Ote}} critiqued the definitions listed for {{tp|esun}}, commenting on this, arguing that it was a secondary meaning to the meaning of "to trade". In the thread, {{tok|jan Sonja}} clarified that she considered the sense of the event as more culturally important than trading for itself.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forums.tokipona.org/viewtopic.php?p=5356#p5356|title=Re: Comments on {{tok|esun}}|website=Toki Pona Forums|date=2009-10-09|access-date=2024-02-21}}</ref> In 2013, the definition was subsequently clarified to the following:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.tokipona.org/wiki/esun|title={{tok|esun}}|website=Toki Pona|archive-url=https://archive.ph/QG9Fs|archive-date=2013-07-05|url-status=dead|access-date=2024-02-21}}</ref> |
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<blockquote> |
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1. fair |
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: a community event where people socialize and exchange goods or information; exhibition, fair, function, get-together, market, occasion, reception, reunion, social affair, social event, social gathering |
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2. trading place |
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: a place where goods are offered for trade; bazaar, farmers' market, marketplace, shop, shopping mall, store, trading place |
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</blockquote> |
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It also clarifies the use of {{tp|tenpo esun}} for meaning "week": |
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<blockquote> |
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The term {{tok|tenpo esun}} (''market period'') can be used to express the concept of "week". This originates from the widespread human custom of a farmers' market, a specific market day that reoccurs every so many days. If everyone in a region agrees to travel to a certain place on a certain day, it makes trading a lot simpler. In modern times, the week has been set to 7 days, but many other durations have existed in history. |
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</blockquote> |
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{{End section}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<references/> |
<references/> |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{R:Linku}} |
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* {{R:Wikipesija}} |
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* {{R:Wiktionary}} |
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{{Words}} |
{{Words}} |
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Latest revision as of 12:19, 10 April 2024
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| Pronunciation | /ˈe |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (98% ↗︎ )2022: Core (96%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Content word |
| Codepoint | U+F190B |
esun is a core content word relating to trade and exchanging.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The etymology of the word esun is uncertain. In 2020, jan Sonja stated that "esun was told [to her] by a taxi driver who spoke a language from the Akan family in West Africa".[1] However, it is unclear which language and which word it originated from.
The word might possibly originate from Twi edwom, meaning "market (place)",[2] as noted by ale sa in 2023.[3]
Semantic space[edit | edit source]
The semantic space space of esun includes the act or an instance of trading and exchanging, commonly but not universally relating to money.[4] It may refer to either buying or selling depending on context.
By extension, it may refer to any kind of exchanging, it can be anything either concrete—such as barter or swapping objects—or abstract—such as exchanging knowledge.[4]
mi esun e moku tawa sinami esun e moku tawa sina.
I purchased food for you.
ona li esun mute e kasi tawa ma anteona li esun mute e kasi tawa ma ante.[5]
They sold plants to many lands
It includes anything relating to trading, as well as a place of business. For the place, some examples include markets, shops, fairs, and bazaars. The phrase tenpo esun is a common way to say "week", which literally means "the time relating to business".
pu[edit | edit source]
In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines esun as:
NOUN market, shop, fair, bazaar, business transaction
ku[edit | edit source]
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as esun:[6]
trading5, trade5, shopping5, deal4, commerce4, purchase4, sales4, buy4, transaction4, market4, sale3, exchange3, sell3, retail3, business3, shop3, store2, commercial2, financial2, enterprise2, economy2, franchise2
sitelen pona[edit | edit source]
The sitelen pona glyph for esun () is derived from the Mi'kmaq hieroglyphs, according to jan Sonja in a message from 2021.[7] It is unknown, however, which hieroglyph it originated from. The closest thing found is the 32nd glyph in Page 5 of Buch das gut.
sitelen sitelen[edit | edit source]
History[edit | edit source]
The word esun was first used in the Toki Pona Forums around 2007.[8] In 2009, the Toki Pona Wiki defined the word as the following, focusing primarily on the sense of the place and event of market.[9]
1. market
- a community event where people trade goods; market, marketplace, bazaar, trading place
2. store
- a place where goods are offered for sale; store, shop
In a forum thread, jan Ote critiqued the definitions listed for esun, commenting on this, arguing that it was a secondary meaning to the meaning of "to trade". In the thread, jan Sonja clarified that she considered the sense of the event as more culturally important than trading for itself.[10] In 2013, the definition was subsequently clarified to the following:[11]
1. fair
- a community event where people socialize and exchange goods or information; exhibition, fair, function, get-together, market, occasion, reception, reunion, social affair, social event, social gathering
2. trading place
- a place where goods are offered for trade; bazaar, farmers' market, marketplace, shop, shopping mall, store, trading place
It also clarifies the use of tenpo esun for meaning "week":
The term tenpo esun (market period) can be used to express the concept of "week". This originates from the widespread human custom of a farmers' market, a specific market day that reoccurs every so many days. If everyone in a region agrees to travel to a certain place on a certain day, it makes trading a lot simpler. In modern times, the week has been set to 7 days, but many other durations have existed in history.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (29 November 2020). [Message posted in the
#tomo-toki-antechannel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. "esun was told to me by a taxi driver who spoke a language from the Akan family in West Africa". - ↑ "Twi Translation of "market"". LEARNAKANDICTIONARY.COM. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ↑ ale sa [@nim64]. (16 October 2023). [Message posted in the
#learning-generalchannel in the kama sona Discord server]. Discord. - ↑ 4.0 4.1 lipamanka. "toki pona dictionary". lipamanka.gay.
- ↑ jan Alonola. (1 January 2024). "kasi Kawa en telo Kawa" (in Toki Pona). lipu tenpo. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. pp. 205–206.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (24 February 2021). [Message posted in the
#toki-ponachannel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. "i think that [symbol] is from Mikmaq". - ↑ Rodrigo Portela Sánchez. (2 December 2007). "Re: New member - some Questions". Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ↑ jan Ote. (9 October 2009). "Comments on esun". Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ↑ (9 October 2009). "Re: Comments on esun". Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ↑ "esun". Toki Pona. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- "esun" on lipu Linku
- "esun" on lipu Wikipesija
- "esun" on English Wiktionary