kalama: Difference between revisions
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{{nimi |
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'''{{tp|kalama}}''' is {{a category}} [[content word]] relating to sounds. |
'''{{tp|kalama}}''' is {{a category}} [[content word]] relating to sounds. |
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==Semantic space== |
==Semantic space== |
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The [[semantic space]] of {{tp|kalama}} includes noises and sounds.<ref>{{cite lipamanka}}</ref> In the [[predicate]], it refers to producing a noise. According the {{tp|[[monsutatesu]]}}, the word {{tp|kalama}} can have two [[Antonyms|opposite]] definitions when used transitively: "to make the sound (of something)" and "to make (someone) make sound". This was first noted by {{tok|ike Pike}} sometime before 2021.<ref>{{cite web|author={{tok|kala pona Tonyu}}|date=29 January 2021|url=https://lipukule.org/post/2021/01/29/monsutatesu|title={{tok|monsutatesu}}|website={{tp|[[lipu kule]]}}}}</ref> |
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{{Needs work|inclusion or more meanings|section}} |
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The [[semantic space]] of {{tp|kalama}} includes noises and sounds.<ref>{{cite lipamanka}}</ref> |
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==={{tp|pu}}=== |
==={{tp|pu}}=== |
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==={{tp|ku}}=== |
==={{tp|ku}}=== |
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For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|kalama}}: |
For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|kalama}}:<ref>{{cite ku|235}}</ref> |
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{{ku data}} |
{{ku data}} |
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=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
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The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|kalama}} |
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|kalama}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|kalama}}}}) is the open mouth [[radical]], from {{tp|[[uta]]}}, with [[emitters]] above. This represents a mouth producing or emitting sound. |
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=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}== |
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==Related words== |
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==={{tp|kalamARR}}=== |
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<!--The {{tp|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} glyph for {{tp|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} ({{ss|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}}) depicts/represents/is derived from/is composed of ….--> |
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{{nimi|kalamARR |
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| IPA = /ˌka.la.ˈmarː/ |
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| PoS = content word |
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'''{{tp|kalamARR}}''' is a [[joke word]] and {{tp|[[nimi ku lili]]}} relating to a pirate sound, which breaks Toki Pona's [[phonology]] and [[phonotactics]]. It is derived from the word {{tp|kalama}} and the {{w|English language|English}} onomatopeia ''arr'' for an imitation of pirates and it was coined by an unknown surveyee for the {{ku|en}} in 2021. |
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{{Clear}} |
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==={{tp|kuntu}}=== |
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{{nimi|kuntu |
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'''{{tp|kuntu}}''' is {{a category|kuntu}} [[content word]] and {{tp|[[nimi ku lili]]}} relating to laughing and comedy. It is an [[acronym]] derived from the phrase {{tp|kalama musi tan uta}} and was coined by {{tok|jan inwin}}, {{tok|jan Maliku}}, and {{tok|jan Wesu}}.{{citation needed}} The screenplay {{tp|[[tu kuntu]]}} is a notable work with this word in its title. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<references/> |
<references/> |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{R:Linku}} |
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* {{R:Wikipesija}} |
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* {{R:Wiktionary}} |
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{{Words}} |
{{Words}} |
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Latest revision as of 18:44, 13 March 2024
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| Pronunciation | /ˈka |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (100% ↗︎ )2022: Core (99%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Content word |
| Codepoint | U+F1915 |
kalama is a core content word relating to sounds.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The word kalama is derived from Croatian galama, meaning "noise".[1]
Semantic space[edit | edit source]
The semantic space of kalama includes noises and sounds.[2] In the predicate, it refers to producing a noise. According the monsutatesu, the word kalama can have two opposite definitions when used transitively: "to make the sound (of something)" and "to make (someone) make sound". This was first noted by ike Pike sometime before 2021.[3]
pu[edit | edit source]
In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines kalama as:
VERB to produce a sound; recite, utter aloud
ku[edit | edit source]
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as kalama:[4]
sound5, noise4, tone3, bang2
sitelen pona[edit | edit source]
The sitelen pona glyph for kalama () is the open mouth radical, from uta, with emitters above. This represents a mouth producing or emitting sound.
sitelen sitelen[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ lipamanka. "toki pona dictionary". lipamanka.gay.
- ↑ kala pona Tonyu. (29 January 2021). "monsutatesu". lipu kule.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 235.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- "kalama" on lipu Linku
- "kalama" on lipu Wikipesija
- "kalama" on English Wiktionary