lo: Difference between revisions
(Created page with "{{nimi |PoS=particle }} '''{{tp|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}}''' is {{a category}} particle that comes before the prepositional phrase. ==Etymology== The word {{tp|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} is derived from {{tp|alu}}, {{a category|alu}} Toki Pona word. It was coined by Theepicosity and {{tok|akesi kon Nalasuni}} in 2020. ==Function== {{Empty}} =={{tp|sitelen pona}}== The {{tp|sitelen pona}} glyph for {{tp|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} ({{sp|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}}) depicts a le...") |
(expanded Etymology and Function sections; added citations for coinage. I vaguely remembered being involved in the creation of the "lo" variant, so I sifted through a lot of ma pona search results, and it looks like I am indeed the one who first proposed it.) |
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'''{{tp|lo}}''' is {{a category}} [[particle]] that |
'''{{tp|lo}}''' (or '''{{tp|lu}}''') is {{a category}} [[particle]] that marks a preposition. |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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The word {{tp| |
The word {{tp|lu}} is derived from {{tp|[[alu]]}}, {{a category|alu}} context marker. It was coined by Theepicosity, {{tok|[[kala pona Tonyu]]}}, and {{tok|akesi kon Nalasuni}} in 2020.<ref>{{cite Discord|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/375591429608570881/761523466058596362|channel={{tp|sona-musi}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|author=Theepicosity|username=theepicosity|access-date=2024-03-12}} |
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Summarized conversation: |
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<blockquote>'''akesi kon Nalasuni''': (pilin mi la please do not actually everything preps, it makes sentence parsing very uncomfortably difficult to me) |
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:I would much rather have a prep-marker particle |
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'''Theepicosity:''' sona musi: lon is actually the prep marker particle |
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:mi pali lon utala sina = i work against you |
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:or maybe thats better suited for la |
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:utala sina la mi pali |
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:yeah |
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:i could see that |
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'''kala pona Tonyu:''' oo |
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:omg the prep marker is alu |
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:everything's solved now everyone go home |
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'''Theepicosity:''' if you really wanted to use alu you could shorten it to just lu |
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:and lu = prep marker |
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'''kala pona Tonyu:''' oooo LU |
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'''akesi kon Nalasuni''': mi sitelen e lipu lu utala sina? |
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'''Theepicosity:''' yeee |
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'''kala pona Tonyu:''' i like lu |
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</blockquote></ref><ref>{{cite Discord|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/316066233755631616/761531904787873802|channel={{tp|jaki}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|author=Theepicosity|username=theepicosity|access-date=2024-03-12}} |
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<blockquote>''another'' musi concept word, that everyone seems to want really badly:<br/> |
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Prepositional Particle - ''lu''<br/> |
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lu comes directly before a preposition to indicate the start of a prepositional phrase<br/> |
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lu is not required when the word after is in the prepositional class. (e.g. tawa, kepeken, lon, sama, en tan) This is so that sentences which are pre-lu remain the same.<br/> |
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usually, only the first word after the lu is used as a preposition, but this depends on how much you like modifying preps. |
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Examples:<br/> |
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mi pali e ijo ni lu utala sina.<br/> |
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I make this object in opposition to you.<br/> |
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mi pana e ijo mi tawa sina lu esun ijo sina.<br/> |
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I give this thing to you in exchange for your thing.</blockquote></ref> |
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Following the publication of {{ku|en}} in 2021, {{tok|[[jan Pensa]]}} proposed changing {{tp|lu}} to {{tp|lo}} to avoid it clashing with [[nimi ku#Reserved words|the word reserved by Sonja Lang]].<ref>{{cite Discord|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/375591429608570881/892120051329671269|channel={{tp|sona-musi}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|author={{tok|[[jan Pensa]]}}|username=jpensa|access-date=2024-03-12|quote=yeah, I've been thinking lately that, even though lu is pre-ku and it existed before Sonja reserving the word, if lu wants to be future-proof it might be better to change it to "lo" or something. maybe even have it be an ale/ali situation :P}}</ref><ref>{{cite Discord|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/316066233755631616/895031343669477477|channel={{tp|jaki}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|author={{tok|[[jan Pensa]]}}|username=jpensa|access-date=2024-03-12}} |
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<blockquote>'''lo''' – ~''post-ku''~ Prepositional particle that marks that the next word is a preposition. |
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← post-ku variant of '''lu''', to avoid collision with the word reserved by Sonja (see <code>... lu</code>) |
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Allows for non-pu prepositions. lo is not required when the word after is in the prepositional class (e.g. tawa, kepeken, lon, sama, tan), but it can be used to disambiguate (e.g. ''mi pana e tomo lo tawa sina'')<br/> |
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Examples: |
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<blockquote>''mi pali e ijo ni lo utala sina.''</blockquote> |
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I make this object in opposition to you. |
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<blockquote>''mi pana e ijo mi tawa sina lo esun ijo sina.''</blockquote> |
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I give this thing to you in exchange for your thing. |
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Usually, only the first word after lo is used as a preposition. You can use lo with ja to make modified or compound prepositions (see <code>... ja</code>). |
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See <code>... unambiguous</code> for more experimental ways to grammatically disambiguate Toki Pona.</blockquote></ref> |
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==Function== |
==Function== |
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{{Empty}} |
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{{tp|lo}} or {{tp|lu}} can be placed in front of a preposition. This can be used for experimental prepositions, or to disambiguate common prepositions. |
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{{Example|mi pali e ijo ni <mark>lo utala</mark> sina.|I make this object <mark>in opposition to</mark> you.}} |
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{{Example|mi pana e ijo mi tawa sina <mark>lo esun</mark> ijo sina.|I give this thing to you <mark>in exchange for</mark> your thing.}} |
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{{Example|mi pana e tomo <mark>lo tawa</mark> sina.|I give you a house.}} |
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===together with {{tp|ja}}=== |
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The experimental preverb-marking particle {{tp|[[ja]]}} was also designed to work in combination with {{tp|lu}} or {{tp|lo}} to allow for unambiguous modification of prepositions.<ref>{{cite Discord|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/870019569866145812|channel=sona-mus|thread=nimisin for marking preverbs|server=ma pona pi toki pona|access-date=2024-02-03}}</ref> |
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{{Example |
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|mi pali e ni <mark>lo kepeken wawa ja</mark> luka mi. |
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|I made this <mark>by using</mark> my hands <mark>with a lot of force</mark>. |
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|sp=no}} |
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{{Example |
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|soko li <mark>lo ante mute ja</mark> leko. |
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|Mushrooms are <mark>very different from</mark> squares. |
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|sp=no}} |
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=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
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{{needs work|who invented the sitelen pona glyph?|section}} |
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The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|lo}} ({{sp|lo}}) depicts a leftwards arrow from a vertical bar, similar to a reversed {{w|maplet arrow}} (↤). |
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|lo}} ({{sp|lo}}) depicts a leftwards arrow from a vertical bar, similar to a reversed {{w|maplet arrow}} (↤). |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Preverb marking]] |
*[[Preverb marking]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<references /> |
<references /> |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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*{{R:Linku}} |
*{{R:Linku}} |
Revision as of 13:01, 12 March 2024
Pronunciation | /lo/ |
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Usage | 2023: Not notable (1% ↗︎ ) Most speakers don't understand this word.2022: Obscure (0%) |
Book and era | No book (post-pu) |
Part of speech | Particle |
lo (or lu) is a marginal particle that marks a preposition.
Etymology
The word lu is derived from alu, an obscure context marker. It was coined by Theepicosity, kala pona Tonyu, and akesi kon Nalasuni in 2020.[1][2]
Following the publication of Toki Pona Dictionary in 2021, jan Pensa proposed changing lu to lo to avoid it clashing with the word reserved by Sonja Lang.[3][4]
Function
lo or lu can be placed in front of a preposition. This can be used for experimental prepositions, or to disambiguate common prepositions.
mi pali e ijo ni lo utala sinami pali e ijo ni lo utala sina.
I make this object in opposition to you.
mi pana e ijo mi tawa sina lo esun ijo sinami pana e ijo mi tawa sina lo esun ijo sina.
I give this thing to you in exchange for your thing.
mi pana e tomo lo tawa sinami pana e tomo lo tawa sina.
I give you a house.
together with ja
The experimental preverb-marking particle ja was also designed to work in combination with lu or lo to allow for unambiguous modification of prepositions.[5]
mi pali e ni lo kepeken wawa ja luka mi.
I made this by using my hands with a lot of force.
soko li lo ante mute ja leko.
Mushrooms are very different from squares.
sitelen pona
The sitelen pona glyph for lo (lo) depicts a leftwards arrow from a vertical bar, similar to a reversed maplet arrow (↤).
See also
References
- ↑ Theepicosity [@theepicosity]. (2 October 2020). [Message posted in the
#sona-musi
channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 12 March 2024. Summarized conversation:akesi kon Nalasuni: (pilin mi la please do not actually everything preps, it makes sentence parsing very uncomfortably difficult to me)
- I would much rather have a prep-marker particle
Theepicosity: sona musi: lon is actually the prep marker particle
- mi pali lon utala sina = i work against you
- or maybe thats better suited for la
- utala sina la mi pali
- yeah
- i could see that
kala pona Tonyu: oo
- omg the prep marker is alu
- everything's solved now everyone go home
Theepicosity: if you really wanted to use alu you could shorten it to just lu
- and lu = prep marker
kala pona Tonyu: oooo LU
akesi kon Nalasuni: mi sitelen e lipu lu utala sina?
Theepicosity: yeee
kala pona Tonyu: i like lu
- ↑ Theepicosity [@theepicosity]. (2 October 2020). [Message posted in the
#jaki
channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 12 March 2024.another musi concept word, that everyone seems to want really badly:
Prepositional Particle - lu
lu comes directly before a preposition to indicate the start of a prepositional phrase
lu is not required when the word after is in the prepositional class. (e.g. tawa, kepeken, lon, sama, en tan) This is so that sentences which are pre-lu remain the same.
usually, only the first word after the lu is used as a preposition, but this depends on how much you like modifying preps.Examples:
mi pali e ijo ni lu utala sina.
I make this object in opposition to you.
mi pana e ijo mi tawa sina lu esun ijo sina.
I give this thing to you in exchange for your thing.
- ↑ jan Pensa [@jpensa]. (27 September 2021). [Message posted in the
#sona-musi
channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 12 March 2024. "yeah, I've been thinking lately that, even though lu is pre-ku and it existed before Sonja reserving the word, if lu wants to be future-proof it might be better to change it to "lo" or something. maybe even have it be an ale/ali situation :P". - ↑ jan Pensa [@jpensa]. (5 October 2021). [Message posted in the
#jaki
channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 12 March 2024.lo – ~post-ku~ Prepositional particle that marks that the next word is a preposition.
← post-ku variant of lu, to avoid collision with the word reserved by Sonja (see
... lu
)Allows for non-pu prepositions. lo is not required when the word after is in the prepositional class (e.g. tawa, kepeken, lon, sama, tan), but it can be used to disambiguate (e.g. mi pana e tomo lo tawa sina)
Examples:mi pali e ijo ni lo utala sina.
I make this object in opposition to you.
mi pana e ijo mi tawa sina lo esun ijo sina.
I give this thing to you in exchange for your thing.
Usually, only the first word after lo is used as a preposition. You can use lo with ja to make modified or compound prepositions (see
... ja
).See
... unambiguous
for more experimental ways to grammatically disambiguate Toki Pona. - ↑ (28 July 2021). [Message posted in the
#nimisin for marking preverbs
thread in the#sona-mus
channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
Further reading
- "lo" on lipu Linku