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'''{{tp|lon}}''' is {{a category}} [[preposition]] and [[content word]] relating to presence, |
'''{{tp|lon}}''' is {{a category}} [[preposition]] and [[content word]] relating to presence, location, and truth. |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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===Preposition=== |
===Preposition=== |
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{{Spatial words}} |
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As a [[preposition]], {{tp|lon}} indicates |
As a [[preposition]], {{tp|lon}} indicates location, often with a [[spatial noun]], often glossed as "in, on, at". |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|mi |
|mi <mark>lon</mark> tomo mi. |
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|I'm home.<br/> |
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I'm <mark>in</mark> my house. |
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|mi<mark>lon</mark>tomo mi |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|akesi li wile lon nena.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://utala.pona.la/lipu-lili/akesi-li-wile-lon-nena.html|title={{tp|akesi li wile lon nena}}|website=utala.pona.la|author={{tok|jan Kita}}|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref> |
|akesi li wile <mark>lon</mark> nena.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://utala.pona.la/lipu-lili/akesi-li-wile-lon-nena.html|title={{tp|akesi li wile lon nena}}|website=utala.pona.la|author={{tok|jan Kita}}|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref> |
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|The lizard wants to be on the hill. |
|The lizard wants <mark>to be on</mark> the hill. |
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|akesi li wile <mark>lon </mark>nena |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Example |
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{{tok|lon}} is often used with a [[spatial noun]] to indicate location. In the sentence below, {{tp|[[poka]]}} is a [[spatial noun]] referring to the side. |
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| ⚫ | |jan ala li <mark>lon poka</mark> ona.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/document/u/1/d/e/2PACX-1vTPNbOI0bcy31sRnziHm0urd__61l2-N7952qNG3WXxOTzMn8NAXmouv0uzTY5eiBip4vTA1ThRTxRc/pub|title=''{{lang|eo|Gerda Malaperis}}''|website=Google Docs|author={{w|Claude Piron|Piron, Claude}}; trans. {{tok|jan Tepo}}|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref> |
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|There is nobody <mark>next to</mark> him (<mark>at</mark> his <mark>side</mark>). |
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}} |
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{{tp|lon}} can also qualify that something exists or is true on some condition, not necessarily in reality. It has a similar meaning to {{tp|[[la]]}}, but not the same grammar. |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|mi ken tawa sina <mark>lon ni:</mark> pali mi li pini. |
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| ⚫ | |jan ala li lon poka ona.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/document/u/1/d/e/2PACX-1vTPNbOI0bcy31sRnziHm0urd__61l2-N7952qNG3WXxOTzMn8NAXmouv0uzTY5eiBip4vTA1ThRTxRc/pub|title=''{{lang|eo|Gerda Malaperis}}''|website=Google Docs|author={{w|Claude Piron|Piron, Claude}}; trans. {{tok|jan Tepo}}|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref> |
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|I can meet up with you <mark>on this [condition]:</mark> my work is finished. |
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|There is nobody next to him. |
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|mi ken tawa sina <mark>lon ni2 </mark> {{idsp}} pali mi li pini |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Example |
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|jan li pana e seli tan luka <mark>lon musi</mark>. |
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|People shoot fire from their hands <mark>in the game</mark>. |
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}} |
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===Content word=== |
===Content word=== |
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As a [[content word]], {{tp|lon}} refers to presence or being at a location. The structure <var>X</var> {{tp|li lon}} can be used to state that something exists or is present in the moment, the general vicinity, or other [[context]] of the conversation. |
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As a [[content word]], {{tp|lon}} means true or truth. |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|mi <mark>lon</mark>. |
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|We<mark>'re here</mark>. |
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}} |
}} |
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It may be analogous to the {{w|Dummy it|dummy "it"}} from English, as in weather expressions: |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|lete li <mark>lon</mark>. |
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|<mark>It's</mark> cold. |
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}} |
}} |
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More broadly, {{tp|lon}} refers to concepts of {{w|reality}}, {{w|existence}}, and {{w|truth}}. This is because things that are true or real must "be somewhere". So, if no qualification follows {{tp|lon}}, it can also be assumed that the "somewhere" is reality in general. |
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{{Example |
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|I say <mark>the truth</mark>. |
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}} |
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{{Example |
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|<mark>lon</mark> pi kiwen ni li wawa a! |
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|This mineral's <mark>existence</mark> is amazing! |
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|<mark>lon</mark>pi (kiwen ni) li wawa a |
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}} |
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{{Example |
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| ⚫ | |||
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}} |
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{{Example |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
|jan-pona mi li toki <mark>lon</mark> |
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}} |
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This sense of {{tp|lon}} is also often used as an [[interjection]] for agreement: |
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{{Example|lon a!|So true!|lon a}} |
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==={{tp|pu}}=== |
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In the "[[Dictionary_(pu)|Official Toki Pona Dictionary]]" section, the book {{pu|en}} defines {{tp|lon}} as: |
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{{pu def}} |
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==={{tp|ku}}=== |
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For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|lon}}:<ref>{{cite ku|271–272}}</ref> |
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{{ku data}} |
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=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
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The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|lon}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|lon}}}}) is a dot above a horizontal line, representing being on something or at someplace. |
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=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}== |
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{{Empty}} |
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<!--The {{tp|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} glyph for {{tp|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} ({{ss|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}}) depicts/represents/is derived from/is composed of ….--> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<references/> |
<references/> |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{R:Linku}} |
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* {{R:Wikipesija}} |
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* {{R:Wiktionary}} |
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{{Words}} |
{{Words}} |
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Latest revision as of 20:22, 13 March 2024
  | |
| Pronunciation | /lon/ |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (100% → )2022: Core (100%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Preposition, content word |
| Codepoint | U+F192C |
lon is a core preposition and content word relating to presence, location, and truth.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The word lon is derived from Tok Pisin long, meaning "in, on, at", itself from English along.[1]
Semantic space[edit | edit source]
The semantic space of lon includes truth, existence, and reality.
Preposition[edit | edit source]
| Part of a series on |
| Front view |
| Side view |
| Left and right · noka vs. anpa |
As a preposition, lon indicates location, often with a spatial noun, often glossed as "in, on, at".
milontomo mimi lon tomo mi.
I'm home.
I'm in my house.
akesi li wile lon nenaakesi li wile lon nena.[2]
The lizard wants to be on the hill.
jan-ala li lon poka onajan ala li lon poka ona.[3]
There is nobody next to him (at his side).
lon can also qualify that something exists or is true on some condition, not necessarily in reality. It has a similar meaning to la, but not the same grammar.
mi ken tawa sina lon ni2 pali mi li pinimi ken tawa sina lon ni: pali mi li pini.
I can meet up with you on this [condition]: my work is finished.
jan li pana e seli tan luka lon musijan li pana e seli tan luka lon musi.
People shoot fire from their hands in the game.
Content word[edit | edit source]
As a content word, lon refers to presence or being at a location. The structure X li lon can be used to state that something exists or is present in the moment, the general vicinity, or other context of the conversation.
mi lonmi lon.
We're here.
It may be analogous to the dummy "it" from English, as in weather expressions:
lete li lonlete li lon.
It's cold.
More broadly, lon refers to concepts of reality, existence, and truth. This is because things that are true or real must "be somewhere". So, if no qualification follows lon, it can also be assumed that the "somewhere" is reality in general.
mi toki e lonmi toki e lon.[4]
I say the truth.
lonpi (kiwen ni) li wawa alon pi kiwen ni li wawa a!
This mineral's existence is amazing!
jan-ale o kama sona e lononajan ale o kama sona e lon ona.[5]
Everyone should learn their own truth.
jan-pona mi li toki lonjan pona mi li toki lon![6]
My friends were telling the truth! (lit. were speaking truly)
This sense of lon is also often used as an interjection for agreement:
lon alon a!
So true!
pu[edit | edit source]
In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines lon as:
PREPOSITION located at, present at, real, true, existing
ku[edit | edit source]
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as lon:[7]
at5, existing5, real5, exist5, located5, presence5, yep5, existence5, actual5, on5, true5, living4, yes4, truth4, reality4, physical4, yeah4, genuine3, upon3, truly3, in3, alive3, position3, accurate3, exactly3, occupy3, live3, attendance3, certainly3, attend3, indeed3, right (not wrong)3, life2, definitely2, legitimate2, honestly2, onto2, location2, correct2, validity2, correctly2, occur2, precisely2, certain2, status2, physically2, placement2, sure2, mm-hmm2, fact2, amid2, availability2, frankly2, of course2, regarding2
sitelen pona[edit | edit source]
The sitelen pona glyph for lon () is a dot above a horizontal line, representing being on something or at someplace.
sitelen sitelen[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Kita. "akesi li wile lon nena". utala.pona.la. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
- ↑ Piron, Claude; trans. jan Tepo. "Gerda Malaperis". Google Docs. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 7.
- ↑ Hesse, Hermann; trans. jan Kala. "Siddhartha". tokipona.org. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
- ↑ jan Kepe. (15 July 2023). "Nasi". http://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/lipu-suli/nasi.html. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. pp. 271–272.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- "lon" on lipu Linku
- "lon" on lipu Wikipesija
- "lon" on English Wiktionary