monsuta: Difference between revisions
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{{Hatnote|For the song by {{tok|jan Usawi}}, see [[monsuta (song)|{{tp|monsuta}} (song)]].}} |
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'''{{tp|monsuta}}''' is a [[ |
'''{{tp|monsuta}}''' is a [[pre-pu|pre-{{tp|pu}}]] [[content word]] and {{tp|[[nimi ku suli]]}} related to monsters, scariness, and fear. |
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==Etymology== |
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The word {{tp|monsuta}} is derived from {{w|Japanese}} {{lang|ja|{{wikt|モンスター}}}} (''{{lang|ja-Latn|monsutā}}''), itself from English ''monster''. It was coined by {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} in 2009, but it was abandoned shortly after.{{citation needed}} In 2010, the official Toki Pona wiki defined {{tp|monsuta}} as:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.tokipona.org/wiki/monsuta|url-status=dead|title={{tok|monsuta}}|website=Toki Pona|archive-url=https://archive.is/NQQ4a|archive-date=2013-07-05}}</ref> |
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=== Definitions === |
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In 2010 the official Toki Pona wiki<ref>[//archive.is/NQQ4a {{tp|monsuta}} in the Toki Pona wiki], 2010</ref> defined {{tp|monsuta}} as: |
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<blockquote> |
<blockquote> |
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# creature that preys on humans; predator |
# creature that preys on humans; predator |
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</blockquote> |
</blockquote> |
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Nowadays, the word {{tp|monsuta}} is often used as a noun or [[head]] to mean "monster," but its meaning is also generalized to "something scary, something that causes fear, something dangerous." It usually leans most towards the third of the 2010 definitions. |
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==Semantic space== |
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The word is also very commonly used as an adjective or [[modifier]] to mean "scary, frightening, creepy, spooky" or "monstrous, monster-like." |
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The [[semantic space]] of {{tp|monsuta}} includes things which causes {{w|fear}} or are otherwise dangerous, such as {{w|monster}}s. Even though fear is covered in {{tp|monsuta}}'s semantic space, in modern usage it is more commonly expressed as {{tp|pilin monsuta}} ("scary feeling"). |
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{{Example |
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=== Fear === |
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|<mark>monsuta</mark> li lon anpa supa. |
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In Toki Pona dictionaries, the noun "fear" is often included in {{tp|monsuta}}'s definition. However, nowadays the word is rarely used as a noun by itself to mean "fear." Instead, the term {{tp|pilin monsuta}} (scary feeling) is commonly used to describe the noun "fear." |
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|There's a <mark>monster</mark> under the bed. |
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|<mark>monsuta </mark> li lon anpa supa. |
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}} |
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{{Example |
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|Do you hear a <mark>scary</mark> noise? |
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|sina kute ala kute e kalama <mark>monsuta</mark> |
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}} |
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=== Examples === |
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{{Main|monsutatesu}} |
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{{Example|monsuta li lon anpa supa.<br />monsuta li lon anpa pi supa lape.|There's a monster under the bed.}} |
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{{Example|ona li jan ala li monsuta.|It isn't a person but a monster.}} |
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{{Example|mi pilin monsuta.|I am scared.}} |
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The meaning for the transitive use of {{tp|monsuta}} is unclear. Depending on the speaker, it may mean "to turn into a monster" or "to fear (something)". Several pepole support multiple of these interpretations, where the specific meaning depends on context. The fact that transitive {{tp|monsuta}} can be analyzed to have two opposite meanings has inspired the {{tp|[[monsutatesu]]}} analysis of Toki Pona. |
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"I fear bugs" or "bugs scare me" can be translated in various ways: |
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{{Example|pipi li monsuta tawa mi.|Bugs are scary to me.}} |
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{{Example|mi pilin monsuta tawa pipi / tan pipi.|I am scared towards bugs / because of bugs.}} |
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{{Example|mi pilin monsuta tan pipi.|I am scared because of bugs.}} |
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{{Example|pipi li pana e pilin monsuta tawa mi.|Bugs give me fear.}} |
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{{Example|pipi li kama e pilin monsuta lon mi.|Bugs make fear emerge in me.}} |
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==={{tp|ku}}=== |
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(Some people would alternatively express "bugs scare me" as "{{tp|pipi li pilin monsuta e mi.}}" Other people find this confusing, and would recommend using this sentence primarily for meanings like "bugs touch me in a scary way." Both interpretations exist, and in many cases context can help clarify which meaning is meant.) |
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For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|monsuta}}:<ref>{{cite ku|288}}</ref> |
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{{ku data}} |
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"Nothing scares them": |
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{{Example|ijo ala li monsuta tawa ona.|Nothing is scary to them.}} |
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{{Example|ona li ken ala pilin monsuta.|They can't fear.}} |
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== |
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
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[[File:Monsuta - linja pona.svg|thumb|100px|{{tp|monsuta}} in {{tp|[[linja pona]]}}]] |
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Transitive use of {{tp|monsuta}} remains nebulously defined. Depending on who you ask, {{tp|mi monsuta e sina}} can mean "I scare you," "I fear you," "I turn you into a monster"/"I make you scary," etc. Many people support multiple of these interpretations, where the specific meaning depends on context. |
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The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|monsuta}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|monsuta}}}}) is a horizontal zigzag shape representing sharp teeth. The glyph for {{tp|monsuta}} was designed by {{tok|[[jan Same]]}} in October 2016. The original proposal for the glyph included a circle, from the glyph for {{tp|[[ijo]]}}, with the zigzag extending across the diameter. This was removed at {{tok|jan Tepan}}'s suggestion in order to avoid confusion with [[combined glyph]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forums.tokipona.org/viewtopic.php?t=2616|title={{tok|Sitelen pona}} glyphs for new and apocryphal words|website=[[Toki Pona Forums]]|author={{tok|[[jan Same]]}}|date=2016-10-16|access-date=2023-12-24}}</ref> In version 2 of {{tp|[[linja pona]]}}, {{tok|jan Same}} changed the glyph for {{tp|monsuta}} to be sharper and have a bulging {{w|Envelope (waves)|envelope}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=//musilili.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/LinjaPona2_Presentation_low.jpg|title={{tok|linja pona}} version 2|author=|username=|date=|website={{tp|musi lili}}|publisher=|access-date=2023-12-24|quote=}}</ref> |
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Note that the meanings of "to scare" and "to fear" can also be expressed without using transitive {{tp|monsuta}}. (See the example sentences above.) |
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=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}== |
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The fact that transitive {{tp|monsuta}} can be analyzed to have two opposite meanings has inspired the {{tp|[[monsutatesu]]}} analysis of Toki Pona. |
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The {{tp|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} word glyph for {{tp|monsuta}} is derived from the syllable glyphs for {{tp|monsuta}} ({{ss|MONSUTA}}) and the {{tp|sitelen sitelen}} exclamation mark ([[File:Exclamation - sitelen sitelen punctuation symbol drawn by Jonathan Gabel.jpg|x15px]]). It was designed by {{tok|jan Saki}} in 2021 as part of a {{tp|[[nimi ku suli]]}} collaboration project with [[Jonathan Gabel|{{tok|jan Josan}} (Jonathan Gabel)]].<ref>{{cite Telegram|author=jan Saki|Username=ModernUnionist|date=2021-07-25|url=https://t.me/sitelensitelen/834|group={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}|access-date=2024-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318195937/https://t.me/sitelensitelen/834|archive-date=2024-03-18}}<blockquote>Additionally, I did a brainstorm session for monsuta that I actually think turned out very well and I would love to hear your guys’ feedback on. I got the idea when I was writing the syllable version at the top and the ‘mon’ looked like a monster face with a tongue sticking out. So I started there with the addition of teeth then thought to incorporate parts of other syllables. I added the ‘u’ to the top to give the impression of a brow, and the extra line from the ’t’ to accentuate it. I also included an implied ‘a’ line to the side. As it was going I had the idea to integrate the bottom with an exclamation mark because fear, screaming, etc. So yeah I think it turned out pretty well but would love you guys’ opinions.</blockquote></ref><ref>{{cite web|author=[[Gabel, Jonathan]]|date=2021-09-05|url=https://jonathangabel.com/2021/nimi-sin/|title=Designing glyphs - {{tok|sitelen suwi pi nimi ku suli}}|website=jonathangabel.com|access-date=2024-01-22}}</ref> |
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The body of the {{tp|monsuta}} glyph is a fusion of the {{tp|m}} syllable container ({{ss|M}}) and the {{tp|sitelen sitelen}} exclamation mark ([[File:Exclamation - sitelen sitelen punctuation symbol drawn by Jonathan Gabel.jpg|x15px]]). In it, there is an {{tp|a}} vowel radical ({{ss|A}}) fused with an {{tp|o}} vowel radical ({{ss|O}}), which are overlapped by an {{tp|u}} vowel radical ({{ss|U}}) that is fused with the upper element of the {{tp|t}} syllable container ({{ss|T}}). |
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<references/> |
<references/> |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{R:Linku}} |
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* {{R:Wikipesija}} |
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* {{R:Wiktionary}} |
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{{Words}} |
{{Words}} |
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Latest revision as of 03:50, 25 April 2024
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| Pronunciation | /ˈmon |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Common4, Widespread6 (83% ↘︎ )2022: Widespread (85%) |
| Book and era | nimi ku suli (pre-pu) |
| Part of speech | Content word |
| Codepoint | U+F197D |
monsuta is a pre-pu content word and nimi ku suli related to monsters, scariness, and fear.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The word monsuta is derived from Japanese モンスター (monsutā), itself from English monster. It was coined by jan Sonja in 2009, but it was abandoned shortly after.[citation needed] In 2010, the official Toki Pona wiki defined monsuta as:[1]
- creature that preys on humans; predator
- a real or imagined threat; danger
- a source of fear or dread
The word always saw some use among a minority of speakers. However, for a long time the word monsuta was underused and not well defined. This changed in the late 2010s and early 2020s, when the word became popular and certain trends emerged among its users.
Semantic space[edit | edit source]
The semantic space of monsuta includes things which causes fear or are otherwise dangerous, such as monsters. Even though fear is covered in monsuta's semantic space, in modern usage it is more commonly expressed as pilin monsuta ("scary feeling").
monsuta li lon anpa supa.monsuta li lon anpa supa.
There's a monster under the bed.
sina kute ala kute e kalama monsutasina kute ala kute e kalama monsuta?
Do you hear a scary noise?
Transitive use of monsuta[edit | edit source]
The meaning for the transitive use of monsuta is unclear. Depending on the speaker, it may mean "to turn into a monster" or "to fear (something)". Several pepole support multiple of these interpretations, where the specific meaning depends on context. The fact that transitive monsuta can be analyzed to have two opposite meanings has inspired the monsutatesu analysis of Toki Pona.
ku[edit | edit source]
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as monsuta:[2]
scary3, fear3, monster3, horror3, scare2, disturbing2, terror2, beast2, afraid2, demon2
sitelen pona[edit | edit source]
The sitelen pona glyph for monsuta () is a horizontal zigzag shape representing sharp teeth. The glyph for monsuta was designed by jan Same in October 2016. The original proposal for the glyph included a circle, from the glyph for ijo, with the zigzag extending across the diameter. This was removed at jan Tepan's suggestion in order to avoid confusion with combined glyphs.[3] In version 2 of linja pona, jan Same changed the glyph for monsuta to be sharper and have a bulging envelope.[4]
sitelen sitelen[edit | edit source]
The sitelen sitelen word glyph for monsuta is derived from the syllable glyphs for monsuta (MONSUTA) and the sitelen sitelen exclamation mark (
). It was designed by jan Saki in 2021 as part of a nimi ku suli collaboration project with jan Josan (Jonathan Gabel).[5][6]
The body of the monsuta glyph is a fusion of the m syllable container (M) and the sitelen sitelen exclamation mark (). In it, there is an a vowel radical (A) fused with an o vowel radical (O), which are overlapped by an u vowel radical (U) that is fused with the upper element of the t syllable container (T).
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "monsuta". Toki Pona. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 288.
- ↑ jan Same. (16 October 2016). "Sitelen pona glyphs for new and apocryphal words". Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
- ↑ "linja pona version 2". musi lili. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
- ↑ jan Saki. (25 July 2021). [Message posted in the sitelen sitelen group on Telegram]. Telegram. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
Additionally, I did a brainstorm session for monsuta that I actually think turned out very well and I would love to hear your guys’ feedback on. I got the idea when I was writing the syllable version at the top and the ‘mon’ looked like a monster face with a tongue sticking out. So I started there with the addition of teeth then thought to incorporate parts of other syllables. I added the ‘u’ to the top to give the impression of a brow, and the extra line from the ’t’ to accentuate it. I also included an implied ‘a’ line to the side. As it was going I had the idea to integrate the bottom with an exclamation mark because fear, screaming, etc. So yeah I think it turned out pretty well but would love you guys’ opinions.
- ↑ Gabel, Jonathan. (5 September 2021). "Designing glyphs - sitelen suwi pi nimi ku suli". jonathangabel.com. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- "monsuta" on lipu Linku
- "monsuta" on lipu Wikipesija
- "monsuta" on English Wiktionary