ni: Difference between revisions
Jan Ke Tami (talk | contribs) m (→{{tp|sitelen pona}}: that sounds like a font limitation to me) |
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{{nimi |
{{nimi |
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==Semantic space== |
==Semantic space== |
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{{tp|ni}} is a {{w|demonstrative}}, used to indicate which entities are being referred to, analogous to English ''this'', ''that'', ''these'', and ''those''. It is not constrated by {{w|Demonstrative#Distal and proximal demonstratives|proximity}}, {{w|Grammatical number|number}}, or {{w|Grammatical gender|gender}}. Speakers often distinguish these by {{w|pointing}} to a certain object or by [[context]]. |
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<!--The [[semantic space]] of {{tp|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} includes ...--> |
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{{Example |
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{{tp|ni}} is a {{w|demonstrative pronoun}}, analogous to English ''this'', ''that'', ''these'', and ''those''. As a [[verb]], {{tp|ni}} can mean "to do this". |
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|mi wile e moku <mark>ni</mark> |
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|I want <mark>this/that</mark> food. |
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}} |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|<mark>ni</mark> li lon. |
|<mark>ni</mark> li lon. |
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|<mark>That</mark>'s true. |
|<mark>That</mark>'s true. |
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|<mark>ni </mark>li lon |
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}} |
}} |
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In the [[predicate]], {{tp|ni}} refers to a specificed action, meaning "to do this". |
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==={{tp|pu}}=== |
==={{tp|pu}}=== |
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==={{tp|ku}}=== |
==={{tp|ku}}=== |
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For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|ni}}: |
For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|ni}}:<ref>{{cite ku|302–303}}</ref> |
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{{ku data}} |
{{ku data}} |
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==Linking {{tp|ni}}== |
==Linking {{tp|ni}}== |
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{{tp|ni}} can be used to link multiple sentences. The effect can be similar to the word "that", as used to start a {{w|relative clause}}. This is one of the main tools to describe ideas that are [[Multiple sentences|too complex to fit in a single sentence]]. |
{{tp|ni}} can be used to link multiple sentences. The effect can be similar to the word "that", as used to start a {{w|relative clause}}. This is one of the main tools to describe ideas that are [[Multiple sentences|too complex to fit in a single sentence]].<ref>{{cite pu|58}}</ref> |
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In |
In the [[Latin script]], the sentence with {{tp|ni}} typically ends in a {{w|colon (punctuation)|colon}}. In {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}}, the glyph for a linking {{tp|ni}} is often rotated to point at the other sentence, usually to the right. |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|mi sona e <mark>ni</mark>: sina sona e <mark>ni</mark>: mi sona. |
|mi sona e <mark>ni</mark>: sina sona e <mark>ni</mark>: mi sona. |
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|I know <mark>that</mark> you know <mark>that</mark> I know. |
|I know <mark>that</mark> you know <mark>that</mark> I know. |
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|mi sona e <mark>ni2 </mark> {{idsp}} sina sona e <mark>ni2 </mark> {{idsp}} mi sona |
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|sp=no<!--Add proper sitelen pona when the fonts work--> |
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}} |
}} |
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The word {{tp|ni}} does not need to be next to the following sentence to be linking to it. |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|kili <mark>ni</mark> li pona: |
|kili <mark>ni</mark> li pona: ona li loje li suwi a. |
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|<mark>These</mark> fruits are good: |
|<mark>These</mark> fruits are good: they're red and so sweet. |
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|kili <mark>ni2</mark>li pona {{idsp}} ona li loje li suwi a |
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|sp=no<!--Add proper sitelen pona when the fonts work--> |
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}} |
}} |
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=={{tp|ona}} vs. {{tp|ni}}== |
=={{tp|ona}} vs. {{tp|ni}}== |
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{{Main|ona vs. ni|{{tp|ona}} vs. {{tp|ni}}}} |
{{Main|ona vs. ni|{{tp|ona}} vs. {{tp|ni}}}} |
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{{Empty}} |
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{{Needs work|empty|section}} |
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=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
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The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|ni}} is an {{w|Arrow (symbol)|arrow}}, pointing down by default. When used as a [[modifier]] in a [[stacked glyph]], it points at the head word underneath. |
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|ni}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|ni}}}}) is an {{w|Arrow (symbol)|arrow}}, pointing down by default. When used as a [[modifier]] in a [[stacked glyph]], it points at the head word underneath. The glyph for {{tp|ni}} may be turned to point in other directions, toward the words it is referencing. |
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{{Example |
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|soweli li toki e <mark>ni</mark><br |
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/> <mark>ni</mark> li nasa a<ref>{{cite web|title=waso|date=2023-05-11|author=lipamanka|url=https://lipamanka.gay/toki-pona-taso/waso|url-date=2024-01-21|website=LIPUmanka}}</ref> |
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|The animal said: "this is silly!" |
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|soweli li toki e <mark>ni</mark><!-- This ni should point down and to the left. --><br |
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/> <mark>ni3 </mark> li nasa a |
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}} |
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=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}== |
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{{Empty}} |
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<!--The {{tp|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} glyph for {{tp|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} ({{ss|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}}) depicts/represents/is derived from/is composed of ….--> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<references |
<references/> |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{R:Linku}} |
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* {{R:Wikipesija}} |
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* {{R:Wiktionary}} |
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{{Words}} |
{{Words}} |
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Latest revision as of 10:40, 21 April 2024
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| Pronunciation | /ni/ |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (100% → )2022: Core (100%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Content word |
| Codepoint | U+F1941 |
ni is a core content word meaning "this" or "that".
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The word ni is derived from Cantonese 呢 (Jyutping: ni1), meaning "this".[1]
Semantic space[edit | edit source]
ni is a demonstrative, used to indicate which entities are being referred to, analogous to English this, that, these, and those. It is not constrated by proximity, number, or gender. Speakers often distinguish these by pointing to a certain object or by context.
mi wile e moku nimi wile e moku ni
I want this/that food.
ni li lonni li lon.
That's true.
In the predicate, ni refers to a specificed action, meaning "to do this".
pu[edit | edit source]
In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines ni as:
ADJECTIVE that, this
ku[edit | edit source]
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as ni:[2]
this5, that5, these5, those4, particular2, specifically2, there2
Linking ni[edit | edit source]
ni can be used to link multiple sentences. The effect can be similar to the word "that", as used to start a relative clause. This is one of the main tools to describe ideas that are too complex to fit in a single sentence.[3]
In the Latin script, the sentence with ni typically ends in a colon. In sitelen pona, the glyph for a linking ni is often rotated to point at the other sentence, usually to the right.
mi sona e ni2 sina sona e ni2 mi sonami sona e ni: sina sona e ni: mi sona.
I know that you know that I know.
The word ni does not need to be next to the following sentence to be linking to it.
kili ni2li pona ona li loje li suwi akili ni li pona: ona li loje li suwi a.
These fruits are good: they're red and so sweet.
ona vs. ni[edit | edit source]
sitelen pona[edit | edit source]
The sitelen pona glyph for ni () is an arrow, pointing down by default. When used as a modifier in a stacked glyph, it points at the head word underneath. The glyph for ni may be turned to point in other directions, toward the words it is referencing.
soweli li toki e ni
ni3 li nasa asoweli li toki e ni
ni li nasa a[4]The animal said: "this is silly!"
sitelen sitelen[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. pp. 302–303.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (25 May 2014). Toki Pona: The Language of Good. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292300. OCLC 921253340. p. 58.
- ↑ lipamanka. (11 May 2023). "waso". LIPUmanka.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- "ni" on lipu Linku
- "ni" on lipu Wikipesija
- "ni" on English Wiktionary