seme: Difference between revisions
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{{nimi |
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| PoS = content word |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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The word {{tp|seme}} is derived from {{w|Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin}} {{lang|cmn|什麼}} |
The word {{tp|seme}} is derived from {{w|Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin}} {{lang|cmn|什麼}}／{{lang|cmn|什么}} ({{w|pinyin}}: ''{{lang|cmn-Latn|shénme}}''), meaning "what".<ref>{{cite etym}}</ref> |
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==Semantic space== |
==Semantic space== |
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{{Main|Questions#seme|Questions |
{{Main|Questions#seme|Questions {{sect}} {{tp|seme}}}} |
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{{tp|seme}} is an interrogative pronoun that means "what?" or "which?", used to form [[Questions#General questions|general questions]]. It replaces the word or phrase in the sentence that the speaker wants information about. Unlike in English, {{tp|seme}} does <em>not</em> {{w|Wh-movement|move elsewhere in the sentence}}; [[word order]] is the same between statements and questions. |
{{tp|seme}} is an interrogative pronoun that means "what?" or "which?", used to form [[Questions#General questions|general questions]]. It replaces the word or phrase in the sentence that the speaker wants information about. Unlike in English, {{tp|seme}} does <em>not</em> {{w|Wh-movement|move elsewhere in the sentence}}; [[word order]] is the same between statements and questions. |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|sina moku e <mark>seme</mark>? |
|sina moku e <mark>seme</mark>? |
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|<mark>What</mark> are you eating? ( |
|<mark>What</mark> are you eating? ({{lit|You eat <mark>what</mark>?}}) |
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|sina moku e <mark>seme</mark> |
|sina moku e <mark>seme</mark> |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Example |
{{Example |
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|jan <mark>seme</mark> li moku e kili? |
|jan <mark>seme</mark> li moku e kili? |
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=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
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{{Main|sitelen pona#Question marks|{{tp|sitelen pona}} |
{{Main|sitelen pona#Question marks|{{tp|sitelen pona}}#Question marks}} |
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The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|seme}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|seme}}}}) is derived from the Latin-script {{w|question mark}} (?). While some [[sitelen pona fonts|{{tp|sitelen pona}} fonts]] give the question mark and {{tp|seme}} different proportions, it looks just like a normal question mark in [[Sonja Lang]]'s handwriting, and many other fonts follow suit. Because of this and the regularity of [[Toki Pona]] [[question]]s, question marks are unneeded in {{tp|sitelen pona}} and can be mistaken for {{tp|seme}}. |
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|seme}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|seme}}}}) is derived from the Latin-script {{w|question mark}} (?). While some [[sitelen pona fonts|{{tp|sitelen pona}} fonts]] give the question mark and {{tp|seme}} different proportions, it looks just like a normal question mark in [[Sonja Lang]]'s handwriting, and many other fonts follow suit. Because of this and the regularity of [[Toki Pona]] [[question]]s, question marks are unneeded in {{tp|sitelen pona}} and can be mistaken for {{tp|seme}}. |
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=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}== |
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The {{tp|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} word glyph for {{tp|seme}} ({{ss|seme}}) is a circular shape containing one backwards S-shaped element and two smaller semicircular elements. |
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The backwards S-shaped element is also found in the word glyph for {{tp|[[anu]]}} ({{ss|anu}}) and the glyph marking a question. It is based on a similar element found in {{w|Mi'kmaw hieroglyphs|Mi'kmaw hieroglyphic writing}}, where it appears in several passages expressing questions or indeterminacy.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jonathan Gabel|username=|date=|url=//jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/acknowledgements/|title=sitelen sitelen acknowledgements and etymology|quote=|website=The website of Jonathan Gabel|publisher=|access-date=2024-04-09}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 14:06, 9 May 2024
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| Pronunciation | /ˈse |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (100% → )2022: Core (100%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Content word |
| Codepoint | U+F1959 |
seme is a core interrogative content word, meaning "what?".
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The word seme is derived from Mandarin 什麼／什么 (pinyin: shénme), meaning "what".[1]
Semantic space[edit | edit source]
seme is an interrogative pronoun that means "what?" or "which?", used to form general questions. It replaces the word or phrase in the sentence that the speaker wants information about. Unlike in English, seme does not move elsewhere in the sentence; word order is the same between statements and questions.
sina moku e semesina moku e seme?
What are you eating? (lit. 'You eat what?')
jan-seme li moku e kilijan seme li moku e kili?
Who [which person] eats fruit?
The replacement rule is not always strict. In this example, answering mi could be understood as mi moku e kili (with the answer replacing the whole phrase jan seme), rather than jan mi li moku e kili (with the answer only replacing seme).
seme is often used as an interjection to express confusion.
seme aseme a?![2]
Huh?!
pu[edit | edit source]
In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines seme as:
PARTICLE what? which?
ku[edit | edit source]
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as seme:[3]
what5, which4, huh3
sitelen pona[edit | edit source]
The sitelen pona glyph for seme () is derived from the Latin-script question mark (?). While some sitelen pona fonts give the question mark and seme different proportions, it looks just like a normal question mark in Sonja Lang's handwriting, and many other fonts follow suit. Because of this and the regularity of Toki Pona questions, question marks are unneeded in sitelen pona and can be mistaken for seme.
sitelen sitelen[edit | edit source]
The sitelen sitelen word glyph for seme (seme) is a circular shape containing one backwards S-shaped element and two smaller semicircular elements.
The backwards S-shaped element is also found in the word glyph for anu (anu) and the glyph marking a question. It is based on a similar element found in Mi'kmaw hieroglyphic writing, where it appears in several passages expressing questions or indeterminacy.[4]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Kekan San. (10 February 2023). "mi lon e ma" [I make a place exist] (in Toki Pona). jan Kekan San [@gregdan3d]. YouTube. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 339.
- ↑ Jonathan Gabel. "sitelen sitelen acknowledgements and etymology". The website of Jonathan Gabel. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- "seme" on lipu Linku
- "seme" on lipu Wikipesija
- "seme" on English Wiktionary