uta: Difference between revisions
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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The word {{tp|uta}} is derived from {{w| |
The word {{tp|uta}} is derived from {{w|Croatian language|Croatian}} ''{{lang|hr|usta}}'', meaning "mouth".<ref>{{cite etym}}</ref> |
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==Semantic space== |
==Semantic space== |
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The [[semantic space]] of {{tp|uta}} includes any and all parts of the mouth and jaw, such as the lips, teeth, tongue, and throat. As a [[transitive verb]], it may refer to the act of interacting with something using the mouth, such as placing one's mouth, kissing, licking, biting, or chewing. |
The [[semantic space]] of {{tp|uta}} includes any and all parts of the mouth, {{w|oral cavity}} and jaw, such as the lips, teeth, tongue, and throat. As a [[transitive verb]], it may refer to the act of interacting with something using the mouth, such as placing one's mouth, kissing, licking, biting, or chewing. |
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{{Example |
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|jan pi pona sijelo li toki e ni: "o open e <mark>uta</mark> sina". |
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|The doctor said: "Open your <mark>mouth</mark>"! |
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|jan pi (pona sijelo) li toki e ni2 {{idsp}} te o open e <mark>uta </mark>sina to |
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}} |
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Metaphorically, {{tp|uta}} may refer to any opening, such as of a hole. The word {{tp|[[lupa]]}} describes openings and holes as a literal sense, so {{tp|uta}} would generally only be used like this in order to compare them to mouths in some specific way. |
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==={{tp|pu}}=== |
==={{tp|pu}}=== |
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==={{tp|ku}}=== |
==={{tp|ku}}=== |
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For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|uta}}: |
For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|uta}}:<ref>{{cite ku|382}}</ref> |
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{{ku data}} |
{{ku data}} |
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=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
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The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|uta}} represents an open mouth. |
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|uta}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|uta}}}}) represents an open mouth. It has a dot placed below, which is sometimes omitted by a minority of speakers ({{sp|uta2}}). Derived glyphs include {{tp|[[kalama]]}}, {{tp|[[loje]]}}, and {{tp|[[moku]]}}. |
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No one knows for sure why the {{tp|uta}} glyph has a dot, including [[Sonja Lang]] herself.<ref>{{cite Discord |url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/340307145373253642/866782083693936651 |channel=pali-musi |server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}} |author=[[Sonja Lang]] |username=sonjalang |access-date=2024-04-14 |quote=i can’t remember why the original design has a dot but i remember that there was a reason at the time[.] if i had known sitelen pona would become as popular as it did, i would have kept better notes!}}</ref> One common theory is that it is to help distinguish glyphs derived from the mouth radical, such as {{tp|[[moku]]}} ({{sp|moku|font=linja lipamanka}}), from compound glyphs, {{tp|luka uta}} ({{sp|luka+uta|font=linja lipamanka}}). However, no such feature is used to distinguish {{tp|[[pali]]}} ({{sp|pali|font=linja lipamanka}}) from {{tp|luka ijo}} ({{sp|luka+ijo|font=linja lipamanka}}), or {{tp|[[kepeken]]}} ({{sp|kepeken|font=linja lipamanka}}) from {{tp|luka ilo}} ({{sp|luka+ilo|font=linja lipamanka}}). One other proposed theory is that the dot is a reading aid, distinguishing {{tp|uta}} more clearly from words like {{tp|[[nimi]]}} ({{sp|nimi}}) or {{tp|[[kiwen]]}} ({{sp|kiwen}}) in small writing.<ref>{{cite Discord |url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/1121891991773515787/1128522192221655190 |channel=toki-pi-sona-kulupu-tpt |server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}} |author={{tok|pipi Nowa}} |username=neither.nor |access-date=2024-04-14 |quote=uta has the dot because otherwise it could become similar to ijo or kiwen (among others) without very careful handwriting.}}</ref><ref>{{cite Discord |url=https://discord.com/channels/948448338662010910/951966419283742750/1229146496960696513 |channel=sitelen-pona-discussion |server={{tp|ma pi nasin sitelen}} |author={{tok|nanpa Tonpite}} |username=trollbreeder |access-date=2024-04-14 |quote=My theory is that the dot is for aiding reading? Like differentiating different boxish roundish glyphs at small size[.] nimi vs uta is what primarily comes to mind}}</ref> |
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=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}== |
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The {{tp|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} word glyph for {{tp|uta}} ({{ss|uta}}) is composed of a circle split into thirds by two horizontal lines, resembling an open mouth with bared teeth. |
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The glyph appears as a radical in other word glyphs, such as {{tp|[[a]]}} ({{ss|a}}), {{tp|[[akesi]]}} ({{ss|akesi}}), {{tp|[[toki]]}} ({{ss|toki}}), {{tp|[[ken]]}} ({{ss|ken}}), {{tp|[[kokosila]]}}, {{tp|[[n]]}}, and {{tp|[[sitelen]]}} ({{ss|sitelen}}). |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<references/> |
<references/> |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{R:Linku}} |
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* {{R:Wikipesija}} |
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* {{R:Wiktionary}} |
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{{Words}} |
{{Words}} |
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Revision as of 19:14, 22 April 2024
  | |
| Pronunciation | /ˈu |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (99% ↗︎ )2022: Core (98%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Content word |
| Codepoint | U+F1970 |
uta is a core content word relating to the mouth and jaw.
Etymology
The word uta is derived from Croatian usta, meaning "mouth".[1]
Semantic space
The semantic space of uta includes any and all parts of the mouth, oral cavity and jaw, such as the lips, teeth, tongue, and throat. As a transitive verb, it may refer to the act of interacting with something using the mouth, such as placing one's mouth, kissing, licking, biting, or chewing.
jan pi (pona sijelo) li toki e ni2 te o open e uta sina tojan pi pona sijelo li toki e ni: "o open e uta sina".
The doctor said: "Open your mouth"!
It may be used to indicate verbal communication (toki uta), as opposed to written (toki sitelen) or signed (toki luka) modes of communication.
Metaphorically, uta may refer to any opening, such as of a hole. The word lupa describes openings and holes as a literal sense, so uta would generally only be used like this in order to compare them to mouths in some specific way.
pu
In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines uta as:
NOUN mouth, lips, oral cavity, jaw
ku
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as uta:[2]
mouth5, lip3, kiss3, jaw3, bite2, chew2
sitelen pona
The sitelen pona glyph for uta () represents an open mouth. It has a dot placed below, which is sometimes omitted by a minority of speakers (uta2). Derived glyphs include kalama, loje, and moku.
No one knows for sure why the uta glyph has a dot, including Sonja Lang herself.[3] One common theory is that it is to help distinguish glyphs derived from the mouth radical, such as moku (moku), from compound glyphs, luka uta (luka+uta). However, no such feature is used to distinguish pali (pali) from luka ijo (luka+ijo), or kepeken (kepeken) from luka ilo (luka+ilo). One other proposed theory is that the dot is a reading aid, distinguishing uta more clearly from words like nimi (nimi) or kiwen (kiwen) in small writing.[4][5]
sitelen sitelen
The sitelen sitelen word glyph for uta (uta) is composed of a circle split into thirds by two horizontal lines, resembling an open mouth with bared teeth.
The glyph appears as a radical in other word glyphs, such as a (a), akesi (akesi), toki (toki), ken (ken), kokosila, n, and sitelen (sitelen).
References
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 382.
- ↑ Sonja Lang [@sonjalang]. (19 July 2021). [Message posted in the
#pali-musichannel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 14 April 2024. "i can’t remember why the original design has a dot but i remember that there was a reason at the time[.] if i had known sitelen pona would become as popular as it did, i would have kept better notes!". - ↑ pipi Nowa [@neither.nor]. (12 July 2023). [Message posted in the
#toki-pi-sona-kulupu-tptchannel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 14 April 2024. "uta has the dot because otherwise it could become similar to ijo or kiwen (among others) without very careful handwriting.". - ↑ nanpa Tonpite [@trollbreeder]. (14 April 2024). [Message posted in the
#sitelen-pona-discussionchannel in the ma pi nasin sitelen Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 14 April 2024. "My theory is that the dot is for aiding reading? Like differentiating different boxish roundish glyphs at small size[.] nimi vs uta is what primarily comes to mind".
Further reading
- "uta" on lipu Linku
- "uta" on lipu Wikipesija
- "uta" on English Wiktionary