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English Wikipedia has an article on
particle.

In Toki Pona grammar, a particle is a word with no semantic meaning that marks the grammatical structure of a sentence. Particles are crucial to forming understandable sentences. li, e, o, and la are taught in that order in Toki Pona: The Language of Good^[1] and many other resources.

Particles can be one of the main challenges of adapting from English to Toki Pona grammar. However, the concept is not unique to Toki Pona; many natural languages have grammatical particles.

pu[edit | edit source]

These nimi pu are particles:

Sentence-structuring[edit | edit source]

Particle	Follows	Introduces
e	A predicate phrase (which becomes transitive) Another direct object	A direct object
en	A subject	Another subject
la	A context phrase or clause	The main clause
li	The subject (unless there is only one, and it is only mi or only sina) Another predicate	A predicate
o	A subject being addressed Another predicate	The predicate of a command or hope
pi	A phrase	A multi-word modifier phrase

Other[edit | edit source]

Nonstandard[edit | edit source]

The subject of this section is nonstandard and will not be understood by most speakers.

If you are a learner, this information will not help you speak the language. It is recommended to familiarize yourself with the standard style, and to be informed and selective about which nonstandard styles you adopt.

These nimi sin are particles:

alu
ja
ki
lo
su (particle)
ta
te/to^[a]
wa^[a]
we (particle)

Notes[edit | edit source]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Some speakers treat this particle as a content word.
↑ pu defines this as a particle, but also uses it as a content word.

References[edit | edit source]

↑ Lang, Sonja. (25 May 2014). Toki Pona: The Language of Good. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292300. OCLC 921253340.

[some-2] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Some speakers treat this particle as a content word.

[pu_mixed-3] u defines this as a particle, but also uses it as a content word.

[1] Lang, Sonja. (25 May 2014). Toki Pona: The Language of Good. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292300. OCLC 921253340.

[1]

[a]

[b]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Words with grammatical function and no meaning}}
-In [[Toki Pona]] grammar, a {{wp|Grammatical particle|'''particle'''}} is a word with no [[semantic (value)|semantic]] meaning that marks the grammatical structure of a [[sentence]].
+{{Wikipedia|grammatical particle|particle}}
+In [[Toki Pona]] [[grammar]], a '''particle''' is a word with no [[semantic value|semantic meaning]] that marks the grammatical structure of a [[sentence]]. Particles are crucial to forming understandable sentences. {{tp|[[li]]}}, {{tp|[[e]]}}, {{tp|[[o]]}}, and {{tp|[[la]]}} are taught in that order in {{pu|en}}<ref>{{cite pu}}</ref> and many other [[resources]].
+Particles can be one of the main challenges of adapting from English to Toki Pona grammar. However, the concept is [[Toki Pona is not exceptional|not unique to Toki Pona]]; many natural languages have grammatical particles.
-Particles are crucial to forming understandable sentences. ''[[li]]'', ''[[e]]'', ''[[o]]'', and ''[[la]]'' are generally taught in that order.
-==''pu''==
+=={{tp|pu}}==
-These ''[[nimi pu]]'' are particles:
+These {{tp|[[nimi pu]]}} are particles:
+===Sentence-structuring===
+{|class="wikitable"
+!Particle
+!Follows
+!Introduces
+|-
+!{{tp|[[e]]}}
+|
+*A [[predicate]] [[phrase]] (which becomes [[transitive]])
+*Another [[direct object]]
+|A [[direct object]]
+|-
+!{{tp|[[en]]}}
+|A [[subject]]
+|Another [[subject]]
+|-
+!{{tp|[[la]]}}
+|A context phrase or [[clause]]
+|The main [[clause]]
+|-
+!{{tp|[[li]]}}
+|
+*The subject<br />(unless there is only one, and it is only {{tp|[[mi]]}} or only {{tp|[[sina]]}})
+*Another predicate
+|A [[predicate]]
+|-
+!{{tp|[[o]]}}
+|
+*A [[subject]] being addressed
+*Another [[predicate]]
+|The [[predicate]] of a command or hope
+|-
+!{{tp|[[pi]]}}
+|A [[phrase]]
+|A multi-word [[modifier]] [[phrase]]
+|}
+===Other===
 <div style="column-count:4;">
-* ''[[a]]''
+* {{tp|[[a]]}}
-* ''[[ala]]''<ref name="some">Some people treat this as a content word.</ref>
+* {{tp|[[ala]]}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="some">Some speakers treat this particle as a content word.</ref>
-* ''[[anu]]''<ref name="some"/>
+* {{tp|[[anu]]}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="some"/>
+* {{tp|[[kin]]}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="some"/>
-* ''[[e]]''
+* {{tp|[[mu]]}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="pu_mixed">{{pu}} defines this as a particle, but also uses it as a content word.</ref>
-* ''[[en]]''
+* {{tp|[[n]]}}
-* ''[[kin]]''<ref name="some"/>
+* {{tp|[[taso]]}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="some"/>
-* ''[[la]]''
-* ''[[li]]''
-* ''[[mu]]''<ref name="pu">''[[pu]]'' treats this as a content word.</ref>
-* ''[[n]]''
-* ''[[o]]''
-* ''[[pi]]''
-* ''[[taso]]''<ref name="some"/>
 </div>
 ==Nonstandard==
-{{Nonstandard}}
+{{Start section|Nonstandard}}
-These ''[[nimisin]]'' are particles:
+These {{tp|[[nimi sin]]}} are particles:
 <div style="column-count:4;">
-* ''[[ja]]''
+* {{tp|[[alu]]}}
-* ''[[lo]]''
+* {{tp|[[ja]]}}
-* ''[[ta]]''
+* {{tp|[[ki]]}}
+* {{tp|[[lo]]}}
-* ''[[te/to]]''<ref name="some" />
+* [[su (particle)|{{tp|su}}]] (particle)
-* ''[[wa]]''<ref name="some"/>
+* {{tp|[[ta]]}}
+* {{tp|[[te/to]]}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="some" />
+* {{tp|[[wa]]}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="some"/>
+* [[we (particle)|{{tp|we}}]] (particle)
 </div>
+{{End section}}
 ==Notes==
+<references group="lower-alpha" />
+==References==
 <references />
+{{Words}}
 [[Category:Parts of speech]]
-[[Category:Particles| ]]
+[[Category:Particles]]

Words
Parts of speech	Content words (Roles · Prepositions · Preverbs · Names · Numbers) · Particles (Semiparticles) · Interjections
Usage	Book presence (nimi pu · nimi ku) · Eras (pre-pu · post-pu · post-ku) · Usage categories · nimi sin · Synonyms · Reserved words · Place and language names
Core words	a · akesi · ala · alasa · ale / ali · anpa · ante · anu · awen · e · en · esun · ijo · ike · ilo · insa · jaki · jan · jelo · jo · kala · kalama · kama · kasi · ken · kepeken · kili · kiwen · ko · kon · kule · kulupu · kute · la · lape · laso · lawa · len · lete · li · lili · linja · lipu · loje · lon · luka · lukin · lupa · ma · mama · mani · mi · moku · moli · monsi · mu · mun · musi · mute · nanpa · nasa · nasin · nena · ni · nimi · noka · o · olin · ona · open · pakala · pali · palisa · pan · pana · pi · pilin · pimeja · pini · pipi · poka · poki · pona · pu · sama · seli · selo · seme · sewi · sijelo · sike · sin · sina · sinpin · sitelen · sona · soweli · suli · suno · supa · suwi · tan · taso · tawa · telo · tenpo · toki · tomo · tu · unpa · uta · utala · walo · wan · waso · wawa · weka · wile
Common words	kijetesantakalu · kin · kipisi · ku · leko · meli · mije · misikeke · monsuta · n · namako · soko · tonsi
Uncommon words	epiku · jasima · kokosila · lanpan · linluwi · majuna · meso · nimisin · oko
Resources	Dictionaries · Glossary · Cognates · Glosses · Minimal pairs