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=="Synonyms" in {{tp|pu}}==
=="Synonyms" in {{tp|pu}}==
{{nasin pu}}
The book {{lipu pu|en}} lists three words—{{tp|[[kin]]}}, {{tp|[[oko]]}}, and {{tp|[[namako]]}}—as "synonyms" of the {{tp|[[a]]}}, {{tp|[[lukin]]}}, and {{tp|[[sin]]}}, respectively. These "synonyms" are generally not counted among the 120 {{tp|[[nimi pu]]}}.
The book {{lipu pu|en}} lists three words—{{tp|[[kin]]}}, {{tp|[[oko]]}}, and {{tp|[[namako]]}}—as "synonyms" of the {{tp|[[a]]}}, {{tp|[[lukin]]}}, and {{tp|[[sin]]}}, respectively. These "synonyms" are generally not counted among the 120 {{tp|[[nimi pu]]}}.


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto;"
!Word
!Word
!Definition in practice
!Definition in practice
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Those words have been in use before and since the publication of {{tp|pu}}, but with different meanings from their supposed relatives. Calling them "synonyms" was a deliberate attempt to merge them.<ref>Messages from {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} in {{tok|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}}: [//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301378960468738050/814051883823529994 {{tp|kin}}], [//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301378960468738050/817348200818016256 {{tp|namako}}], [//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301378960468738050/824353817285230612 {{tp|oko}}].</ref> {{tp|[[ku]]}} acknowledges that the words have retained their separate meanings among those who use them.
Those words have been in use before and since the publication of {{tp|pu}}, but with different meanings from their supposed relatives. Calling them "synonyms" was a deliberate attempt to merge them.<ref>Messages from {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} in {{tok|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}}: [//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301378960468738050/814051883823529994 {{tp|kin}}], [//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301378960468738050/817348200818016256 {{tp|namako}}], [//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301378960468738050/824353817285230612 {{tp|oko}}].</ref> {{tp|[[ku]]}} acknowledges that the words have retained their separate meanings among those who use them.


The merger of these words was mostly successful with {{tp|lukin/oko}}, and mostly unsuccessful with {{tp|sin/namako}} and {{tp|a/kin}}. However, {{tp|kin}}'s original role as an emphasis marker moved completely to {{tp|a}}, which was previously only a sentence-final particle to indicate emotion.<ref>The 2007 definitions in [https://web.archive.org/web/20190716152334/http://tokipona.net/tp/ClassicWordList.aspx Classic Word List] define {{tp|a}} as an "emotion word" and {{tp|kin}} as a word that "emphasizes the word(s) before it".</ref> Here is an overview of how meanings changed over time:
The merger of these words was mostly successful with {{tp|lukin/oko}}, and mostly unsuccessful with {{tp|sin/namako}} and {{tp|a/kin}}. However, {{tp|kin}}'s original role as an emphasis marker moved completely to {{tp|a}}, which was previously only a sentence-final particle to indicate emotion.<ref>The 2007 definitions in [https://web.archive.org/web/20190716152334/http://tokipona.net/tp/ClassicWordList.aspx Classic Word List] define {{tp|a}} as an "emotion word" and {{tp|kin}} as a word that "emphasizes the word(s) before it".</ref> Below is an overview of how meanings changed over time:


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto;"
!Word
⚫
!style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"|Word
!style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"|Pre-{{tp|pu}} usage
!Pre-{{tp|pu}} usage
!style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"|Usage in {{tp|pu}}
!Usage in {{tp|pu}}
!style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"|Post-{{tp|pu}} usage
!Post-{{tp|pu}} usage
⚫
|- style="border-top:2px solid darkgray;"
|-
|{{tp|[[a]]}}
!{{tp|a}}
|''emotion particle''
|''emotion particle''
| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;" | ''emotion particle'', ''emphasis marker''
| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;" | ''emotion particle'', ''emphasis marker''
| ''emotion particle'', ''emphasis marker''
| ''emotion particle'', ''emphasis marker''
|-
|-
!{{tp|kin}}
⚫
|style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"|{{tp|[[kin]]}}
|style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"|also, (uncommon: ''emphasis marker'')
|also, (uncommon: ''emphasis marker'')
|also
⚫
|style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"|also
⚫
|- style="border-top:2px solid darkgray;"
|-
|{{tp|[[sin]]}}
!{{tp|sin}}
|new, another, more
|new, another, more
| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"| new, another, more, extra, additional
| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"| new, another, more, extra, additional
|new, another, more
|new, another, more
|-
|-
|style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"|{{tp|[[namako]]}}
!{{tp|namako}}
|style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"|spice, embellishment, extra, additional
|spice, embellishment, extra, additional
|style="border-bottom:2px solid darkgray;"|spice, embellishment, extra, additional
|spice, embellishment, extra, additional
⚫
|- style="border-top:2px solid darkgray;"
|-
|{{tp|[[lukin]]}}
!{{tp|lukin}}
|see, look, visual
|see, look, visual
| rowspan=2 | see, look, visual, eye, try
| rowspan=2 | see, look, visual, eye, try
| see, look, visual, eye, try
| see, look, visual, eye, try
|-
|-
|{{tp|[[oko]]}}
!{{tp|oko}}
|eye
|eye
|eye, (uncommon: see, look)
|eye, (uncommon: see, look)
Line 65: Line 66:


==={{tp|ali}}===
==={{tp|ali}}===
{{Main|ale#ali}}
{{tp|[[ali]]}} is generally considered a pronunciation variant of {{tp|[[ale]]}}, rather than a separate word.
{{tp|[[ali]]}} is generally considered a pronunciation variant of {{tp|[[ale]]}}, rather than a separate word.


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There are some {{tp|[[nimi sin]]}} coined at different times, which happen to coincide in meaning:
There are some {{tp|[[nimi sin]]}} coined at different times, which happen to coincide in meaning:


* cross: {{tp|aka}}, {{tp|eki}}, {{tp|[[natu]]}}<ref group="lower-alpha">The words {{tp|aka}} and {{tp|eki}} are considered [[deprecated]] and synonymous of the main word {{tp|natu}}.</ref>
* cross: {{tp|[[aka]]}}, {{tp|[[eki]]}}, {{tp|[[natu]]}}<ref group="lower-alpha">The words {{tp|aka}} and {{tp|eki}} are considered [[:Category:Deprecated words|deprecated]] and synonymous of the main word {{tp|natu}}.</ref>
* dream: {{tp|[[jume]]}}, {{tp|[[oni]]}}
* dream: {{tp|[[jume]]}}, {{tp|[[oni]]}}
* three: {{tp|[[san]]}}, {{tp|[[tuli]]}}
* three: {{tp|[[san]]}}, {{tp|[[tuli]]}}
* four: {{tp|[[neja]]}}, {{tp|[[po]]}}

==Reforms==
Some speakers propose (or merely personally use) new spellings for existing words, e.g. for closer resemblance to their etymology.

===Pre-{{tp|pu}} reforms===
{{Main|Archaic words}}

A few words included in {{tp|[[Toki Pona: The Language of Good|pu]]}} underwent changes between their inception and the book being published, namely:
* {{tp|[[ona]]}} from {{tp|iki}}
* {{tp|[[nena]]}} from {{tp|kapa}}
* {{tp|[[noka]]}} from {{tp|jalan}}

{{tp|[[ali]]}} was an attempted reform too, but it only succeeded as a variant and not a community-wide replacement.

==={{tp|teken}}===
{{nimi|teken
|PoS=content word
}}
{{Needs media|scope=infobox|a {{tp|sitelen pona}} image}}
{{tp|teken}} is {{a category|teken}} alternate form for {{tp|[[sitelen]]}},<ref>{{cite Discord|url=//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/316066233755631616/1070995484849741864|channel={{tok|jaki}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|author=Asiku|username=asiku|access-date=2024-01-17|quote=}}<blockquote>.. {{tok|teken}}<br />"{{tok|teken}}" is the same as "{{tok|sitelen}}"<br />Full writeup coming soon</blockquote></ref> derived from Dutch ''{{wt|teken#Dutch|{{lang|nl|teken}}}}'' ("sign, symbol, character") instead of ''{{wt|schilderen#Dutch|{{lang|nl|schilderen}}}}'' ("to paint").<ref name="asiku-teken">{{cite Discord|username=asiku|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|channel={{tok|toki-suli}}|thread={{tok|linja lipamanka}}|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/1053850152932233266/1070995609349271623|quote=this {{tok|nimisin}} exists because the word "{{lang|nl|schilderen}}" in dutch does not actually mean what {{tok|sitelen}} means, but the word "{{lang|nl|teken}}" does|author={{tok|jan Asiku}}|access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref> It was first mentioned on {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} by {{tok|jan Kasape}},<ref>{{cite Discord|username=casperdewith|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|channel={{tok|musi-ako}}|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/786041291707777034/998713553034944632|quote={{tok|lon. mi la, ‘tekenen’ / ‘teken’ li pona mute.}}|author={{tok|jan Kasape}}|access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref> with {{tok|jan Asiku}} being another vocal supporter. The proposed {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for it ({{sp|teken}}) is similar to that of {{tp|sitelen}}, but with the three dots replaced by a horizontal line.<ref>{{cite Discord|username=asiku|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|channel={{tok|toki-suli}}|thread={{tok|linja lipamanka}}|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/1053850152932233266/1070995609349271623|quote={{tok|nimi sin}} request: "{{tok|teken}}" [Image]|author={{tok|jan Asiku}}|access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==={{tp|linuwi}}===
{{nimi|linuwi
|PoS=content word
}}
{{Needs media|scope=infobox|a {{tp|sitelen pona}} image}}
{{tp|linuwi}} is an alternate spelling for {{tp|[[linluwi]]}}, proposed by {{tok|[[jan Kekan San]]}}. His {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for it ({{sp|linuwi4}}) is based on {{tp|[[kulupu]]}}, with lines connecting the 3 circles.<ref>{{cite Discord|username=gregdan3|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|channel={{tok|sona-musi}}|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/375591429608570881/1059157634659397632|author={{tok|[[jan Kekan San]]}}|access-date=2024-01-17}}
<blockquote>
{{tok|linluwi}} redeption arc:<br />
it's '''{{tok|linuwi}}'''<br />
it's drawn by starting with {{tok|kulupu}} and connecting them with 3 lines (see reply)<br />
its definition is the same as people already use it and if you say it's just internet i accuse you of calque
</blockquote></ref>
{{Clear}}


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 78: Line 116:


==References==
==References==
{{Wikipedia|synonym}}
{{Wikipedia|synonyms}}
<references/>
<references/>
{{Words}}
{{Words}}

Latest revision as of 01:13, 13 March 2024

Synonyms are words with the same meaning. They are the opposite of antonyms.

"Synonyms" in pu[edit | edit source]

This subject or style relates to Toki Pona: The Language of Good.

The book Toki Pona: The Language of Good lists three words—kin, oko, and namako—as "synonyms" of the a, lukin, and sin, respectively. These "synonyms" are generally not counted among the 120 nimi pu.

Word Definition in practice "Synonym" Merged definition
kin also a emotion particle, emphasis marker
namako spice, extra sin new, extra
oko eye lukin see, eye, (pre-verb) try

Those words have been in use before and since the publication of pu, but with different meanings from their supposed relatives. Calling them "synonyms" was a deliberate attempt to merge them.[1] ku acknowledges that the words have retained their separate meanings among those who use them.

The merger of these words was mostly successful with lukin/oko, and mostly unsuccessful with sin/namako and a/kin. However, kin's original role as an emphasis marker moved completely to a, which was previously only a sentence-final particle to indicate emotion.[2] Below is an overview of how meanings changed over time:

Word Pre-pu usage Usage in pu Post-pu usage
a emotion particle emotion particle, emphasis marker emotion particle, emphasis marker
kin also, (uncommon: emphasis marker) also
sin new, another, more new, another, more, extra, additional new, another, more
namako spice, embellishment, extra, additional spice, embellishment, extra, additional
lukin see, look, visual see, look, visual, eye, try see, look, visual, eye, try
oko eye eye, (uncommon: see, look)

ali[edit | edit source]

Main article: ale § ali

ali is generally considered a pronunciation variant of ale, rather than a separate word.

nimi sin[edit | edit source]

There are some nimi sin coined at different times, which happen to coincide in meaning:

Reforms[edit | edit source]

Some speakers propose (or merely personally use) new spellings for existing words, e.g. for closer resemblance to their etymology.

Pre-pu reforms[edit | edit source]

Main article: Archaic words

A few words included in pu underwent changes between their inception and the book being published, namely:

ali was an attempted reform too, but it only succeeded as a variant and not a community-wide replacement.

teken[edit | edit source]

Pronunciation /ˈte.ken/
Usage 2023: Not notable (0%)Caution: Most speakers don't understand this word.
Book and era No book
Part of speech Content word
This infobox needs a sitelen pona image. If you can license suitable media, you can help us by uploading it.

teken is a marginal alternate form for sitelen,[3] derived from Dutch teken ("sign, symbol, character") instead of schilderen ("to paint").[4] It was first mentioned on ma pona pi toki pona by jan Kasape,[5] with jan Asiku being another vocal supporter. The proposed sitelen pona glyph for it (teken) is similar to that of sitelen, but with the three dots replaced by a horizontal line.[6]

linuwi[edit | edit source]

Pronunciation /ˈli.nu.wi/
Usage 2023: N/ACaution: This word has not been surveyed for. Most speakers likely don't understand it.
Book and era No book
Part of speech Content word
This infobox needs a sitelen pona image. If you can license suitable media, you can help us by uploading it.

linuwi is an alternate spelling for linluwi, proposed by jan Kekan San. His sitelen pona glyph for it (linuwi4) is based on kulupu, with lines connecting the 3 circles.[7]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ The words aka and eki are considered deprecated and synonymous of the main word natu.

References[edit | edit source]

English Wikipedia has an article on
synonyms.
  1. ↑ Messages from jan Sonja in ma pona pi toki pona: kin, namako, oko.
  2. ↑ The 2007 definitions in Classic Word List define a as an "emotion word" and kin as a word that "emphasizes the word(s) before it".
  3. ↑ Asiku [@asiku]. (3 February 2023). [Message posted in the #jaki channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 17 January 2024.

    .. teken
    "teken" is the same as "sitelen"
    Full writeup coming soon
  4. ↑ jan Asiku [@asiku]. (3 February 2023). [Message posted in the #linja lipamanka thread in the #toki-suli channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 17 January 2024. "this nimisin exists because the word "schilderen" in dutch does not actually mean what sitelen means, but the word "teken" does".
  5. ↑ jan Kasape [@casperdewith]. (18 July 2022). [Message posted in the #musi-ako channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 17 January 2024. "lon. mi la, ‘tekenen’ / ‘teken’ li pona mute.".
  6. ↑ jan Asiku [@asiku]. (3 February 2023). [Message posted in the #linja lipamanka thread in the #toki-suli channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 17 January 2024. "nimi sin request: "teken" [Image]".
  7. ↑ jan Kekan San [@gregdan3]. (1 January 2023). [Message posted in the #sona-musi channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 17 January 2024.

    linluwi redeption arc:
    it's linuwi
    it's drawn by starting with kulupu and connecting them with 3 lines (see reply)
    its definition is the same as people already use it and if you say it's just internet i accuse you of calque

Parts of speech Content words (Roles · Prepositions · Preverbs · Names · Numbers) · Particles (Semiparticles) · Interjections
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Core words a · akesi · ala · alasa · ale / ali · anpa · ante · anu · awen · e · en · esun · ijo · ike · ilo · insa · jaki · jan · jelo · jo · kala · kalama · kama · kasi · ken · kepeken · kili · kiwen · ko · kon · kule · kulupu · kute · la · lape · laso · lawa · len · lete · li · lili · linja · lipu · loje · lon · luka · lukin · lupa · ma · mama · mani · mi · moku · moli · monsi · mu · mun · musi · mute · nanpa · nasa · nasin · nena · ni · nimi · noka · o · olin · ona · open · pakala · pali · palisa · pan · pana · pi · pilin · pimeja · pini · pipi · poka · poki · pona · pu · sama · seli · selo · seme · sewi · sijelo · sike · sin · sina · sinpin · sitelen · sona · soweli · suli · suno · supa · suwi · tan · taso · tawa · telo · tenpo · toki · tomo · tu · unpa · uta · utala · walo · wan · waso · wawa · weka · wile
Common words kijetesantakalu · kin · kipisi · ku · leko · meli · mije · misikeke · monsuta · n · namako · soko · tonsi
Uncommon words epiku · jasima · kokosila · lanpan · linluwi · majuna · meso · nimisin · oko
Resources Dictionaries · Glossary · Cognates · Glosses · Minimal pairs
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