moku: Difference between revisions
m (Reverted edit by ~ mi jan pilin pona ~ (talk) to last revision by SnpoSuwan) Tag: Rollback |
No edit summary |
||
| (5 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
||
The word {{tp|moku}} is derived from {{w|Japanese language|Japanese}} {{lang|ja|モグモグ}} (''{{lang|ja-Latn|mogumogu}}''), meaning "chewing".<ref>{{cite etym}}</ref> |
The word {{tp|moku}} is derived from {{w|Japanese language|Japanese}} {{lang|ja|モグモグ}} (''{{lang|ja-Latn|mogumogu}}''), an {{w|Onomatopoeia|onomatopoeic}} word meaning "chewing".<ref>{{cite etym}}</ref> |
||
==Semantic space== |
==Semantic space== |
||
The [[semantic space]] of {{tp|moku}} includes consumption |
The [[semantic space]] of {{tp|moku}} includes consumption or {{w|ingestion}}, as in eating or drinking. It includes food itself and the state of being edible. |
||
{{Example |
{{Example |
||
|mi <mark>moku</mark> e kili. |
| mi <mark>moku</mark> e kili. |
||
|I <mark>eat</mark> a fruit. |
| I <mark>eat</mark> a fruit. |
||
|mi <mark>moku </mark> e kili |
| mi <mark>moku </mark> e kili |
||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Example |
|||
| ⚫ | The word {{tp|moku}} implies the |
||
| kili li <mark>moku</mark>. |
|||
| Fruits are <mark>food</mark>.<br/>Fruits are <mark>edible</mark> |
|||
| kili li <mark>moku</mark> |
|||
}} |
|||
| ⚫ | The word {{tp|moku}} implies the presence of a type of {{w|fuel}} or similar resource by analogy. For example, breathing and injections are considering a type of consumption.<ref name="alison2023a" /><ref name="alison2023b" /> Metaphorically, learning may be expressed metaphorically as "to consume knowledge". Often, {{tp|moku}} also implies the depletion of said fuel, similarly to how English frames {{w|corrosion}} and {{w|erosion}} as "eating away at" or "eating through" something. |
||
{{Example |
{{Example |
||
|seli li <mark>moku</mark> e kasi. |
| seli li <mark>moku</mark> e kasi. |
||
|Fire "<mark>eats up</mark>" wood. |
| Fire "<mark>eats up</mark>" wood. |
||
|seli li <mark>moku </mark> e kasi |
| seli li <mark>moku </mark> e kasi |
||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Example |
|||
| ⚫ | When used as an [[intransitive verb]], {{tp|moku}} may mean both "to consume" and "to be food". One strategy to combat ambiguity in this case is adding a [[direct object]]. However, according to the {{tp|[[monsutatesu]]}}, this may be ambiguous in a different manner, as it could |
||
| mi <mark>moku</mark> e tenpo sina.<ref>{{cite YouTube|id=liZCeOD9-gI|title=tomo pi walo loje|trans-title=The Pink House|language=tok|author={{tok|[[jan Kekan San]]}}|channel={{tok|jan Kekan San}}|handle=gregdan3d|date=Apr 1, 2024|access-date=2024-04-02|quote=}}</ref> |
|||
| I <mark>wasted</mark> your time. |
|||
| mi <mark>moku </mark>e tenpo sina |
|||
}} |
|||
| ⚫ | When used as an [[intransitive verb]], {{tp|moku}} may mean both "to consume" and "to be food". One strategy to combat ambiguity in this case is adding a [[direct object]]. However, according to the {{tp|[[monsutatesu]]}}, this may be ambiguous in a different manner, as it could either refer to consuming or feeding something. |
||
==={{tp|pu}}=== |
==={{tp|pu}}=== |
||
| Line 38: | Line 50: | ||
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
||
[[File:Visual aid (tok) - soweli li moku e waso.png|250px|thumb|Visual aid for the word {{tp|moku}} in the phrase {{tp|soweli li moku e waso}} ("The cat eats the bird")]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}== |
=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}== |
||
Latest revision as of 16:48, 11 June 2024
  | |
 | |
| Pronunciation | /ˈmo |
|---|---|
| Usage | 2023: Core (100% → )2022: Core (100%) |
| Book and era | nimi pu |
| Part of speech | Content word |
| Codepoint | U+F1936 |
moku is a core content word relating to consumption and fuel.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The word moku is derived from Japanese モグモグ (mogumogu), an onomatopoeic word meaning "chewing".[1]
Semantic space[edit | edit source]
The semantic space of moku includes consumption or ingestion, as in eating or drinking. It includes food itself and the state of being edible.
mi moku e kilimi moku e kili.
I eat a fruit.
kili li mokukili li moku.
Fruits are food.
Fruits are edible
The word moku implies the presence of a type of fuel or similar resource by analogy. For example, breathing and injections are considering a type of consumption.[2][3] Metaphorically, learning may be expressed metaphorically as "to consume knowledge". Often, moku also implies the depletion of said fuel, similarly to how English frames corrosion and erosion as "eating away at" or "eating through" something.
seli li moku e kasiseli li moku e kasi.
Fire "eats up" wood.
mi moku e tenpo sinami moku e tenpo sina.[4]
I wasted your time.
When used as an intransitive verb, moku may mean both "to consume" and "to be food". One strategy to combat ambiguity in this case is adding a direct object. However, according to the monsutatesu, this may be ambiguous in a different manner, as it could either refer to consuming or feeding something.
pu[edit | edit source]
In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines moku as:
VERB to eat, drink, consume, swallow, ingest
ku[edit | edit source]
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as moku:[5]
food5, eat5, eating5, consume5, dining5, meal5, consumption5, swallow4, dinner3, nutrition3, drinking3, chew3, groceries3, absorb2, drink2, lunch2
sitelen pona[edit | edit source]
_-_soweli_li_moku_e_waso.png)
The sitelen pona glyph for moku () is derived from a mouth radical above a hand radical, depicting a hand bringing food to the mouth. These may be drawn either separated (as in lipu pu) or connected.
sitelen sitelen[edit | edit source]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ laso Alison [@withonel]. (3 January 2023). [Informal poll posted in the
#sona-kulupuchannel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. "A nurse gives medicine to another person by intravenous route. Does the second person moku the medicine?".Are injections (given by a different person) included in the semantic space of moku? Option Votes Yes 48 No 32 - ↑ laso Alison [@withonel]. (3 January 2023). [Informal poll posted in the
#sona-kulupuchannel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. "If I give myself an injection, do I moku?".Are injections (given by oneself) included in the semantic space of moku? Option Votes Yes 52 No 24 - ↑ jan Kekan San. (1 April 2024). "tomo pi walo loje" [The Pink House] (in Toki Pona). jan Kekan San [@gregdan3d]. YouTube. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. pp. 286–287.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- "moku" on lipu Linku
- "moku" on lipu Wikipesija
- "moku" on English Wiktionary