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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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The etymology of the word {{tp|tan}} is uncertain. Some possibilities include {{w|Cantonese}} {{lang|yue|從}} ({{w|Jyutping}}: ''{{lang|yue-Latn|cung<sup>4</sup>}}''), meaning "to follow; from";<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1t-pjAgZDyKPXcCRnEdATFQOxGbQFMjZm-8EvXiQd2Po/edit#gid=1397008886|title={{tp|Nimi Ale Pona}}. 2nd ed.|author=Moniz, C. Ryan, van Der Meulen, Spencer H., jan Lipamanka|website=Google Sheets|date=8 October 2020}}</ref> {{w|Georgian}} {{lang|ka|-დან}} (''{{lang|ka-Latn|-dan}}'') "from; out of; since";<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/@jansegers/toki-pona-root-word-etymology-page-f0a203954da|title=Toki Pona Root Word Etymology Page|author=jansegers|date=2020}}</ref> and {{w|Dutch language|Dutch}} ''{{lang|nl|dan}}'' "then; after that; in that case".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forums.tokipona.org/viewtopic.php?t=2430|title=Re: Whence these words?|author={{tok|jan Pilipe}}|date=27 July 2015|quote={{tok|tan}} - Dutch '{{lang|nl|dan}}' same as 'then' in English […]}}</ref> |
The etymology of the word {{tp|tan}} is uncertain. Some possibilities include {{w|Cantonese}} {{lang|yue|從}} ({{w|Jyutping}}: ''{{lang|yue-Latn|cung<sup>4</sup>}}''), meaning "to follow; from";<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1t-pjAgZDyKPXcCRnEdATFQOxGbQFMjZm-8EvXiQd2Po/edit#gid=1397008886|title={{tp|Nimi Ale Pona}}. 2nd ed.|author=Moniz, C. Ryan, van Der Meulen, Spencer H., jan Lipamanka|website=Google Sheets|date=8 October 2020}}</ref> {{w|Georgian}} {{lang|ka|-დან}} (''{{lang|ka-Latn|-dan}}'') "from; out of; since";<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/@jansegers/toki-pona-root-word-etymology-page-f0a203954da|title=Toki Pona Root Word Etymology Page|author=jansegers|website=Medium|date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> and {{w|Dutch language|Dutch}} ''{{lang|nl|dan}}'' "then; after that; in that case".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forums.tokipona.org/viewtopic.php?t=2430|title=Re: Whence these words?|author={{tok|jan Pilipe}}|website=[[Toki Pona Forums]]|date=27 July 2015|quote={{tok|tan}} - Dutch '{{lang|nl|dan}}' same as 'then' in English […]}}</ref> |
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==Semantic space== |
==Semantic space== |
Revision as of 00:02, 26 January 2024
Pronunciation | /tan/ |
---|---|
Usage | 2023: Core (99% → )2022: Core (99%) |
Book and era | nimi pu |
Part of speech | Preposition, content word |
Codepoint | U+F1967 |
tan is a core preposition and content word relating to the origin, cause, or reason of something.
Etymology
The etymology of the word tan is uncertain. Some possibilities include Cantonese 從 (Jyutping: cung4), meaning "to follow; from";[1] Georgian -დან (-dan) "from; out of; since";[2] and Dutch dan "then; after that; in that case".[3]
Semantic space
The semantic space of tan includes the source, origin, cause, or reason for something.
Preposition
As a preposition, tan is translated as "because (of)", "by", and "from".
mi tan ma [kasi alasa nasin awen telo a].mi tan ma Kanata.
I'm from Canada.
kasi suli li ken kama tan kili lilikasi suli li ken kama tan kili lili.
A big plant can come from a small fruit.
ni li tan seme?ni li tan seme?
Where is this from? (lit. this is from what?)
Why is that? (lit. this is because of what?)
mi pana e ijo pona tan ni> : mi olin e sina.mi pana e ijo pona tan ni: mi olin e sina.
I gave something nice because you're dear to me.
Content word
As a content word, tan's semantic space includes "origin" and "reason", the latter being based on the preposition sense of "because". While some speakers chiefly use tan as a preposition, ku's "Notes on lipu pu" acknowledges the content word usage with the example sentence:[4]
mi sona ala e tanmi sona ala e tan.
I don't know the reason.
pu
In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines tan as:
PREPOSITION by, from, because of
ku
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as tan:[5]
from5, behalf of2 , basis2 , origin2 , motive2 , cause2 , purpose2 , per2 , since2 , factor2 , incentive2, reason5 , because of4 , by4 , source4
sitelen pona
The sitelen pona glyph for tan () depicts a curved arrow pointing counterclockwise, pointing from the phrase for the origin to the phrase for what is from there. It resembles the undo icon in many applications, which returns a document to a previous state.
References
- ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan, van Der Meulen, Spencer H., jan Lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "Nimi Ale Pona. 2nd ed.". Google Sheets.
- ↑ jansegers. (29 May 2020). "Toki Pona Root Word Etymology Page". Medium.
- ↑ jan Pilipe. (27 July 2015). "Re: Whence these words?". Toki Pona Forums. "tan - Dutch 'dan' same as 'then' in English […]".
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 7.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 355.
Further reading
- "tan" on lipu Linku
- "tan" on lipu Wikipesija
- "tan" on English Wiktionary