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==Semantic space==
==Semantic space==
The [[semantic space]] of {{tp|tawa}} includes motion and movement, going towards something, the perspective of an action, and its destination.
The [[semantic space]] of {{tp|tawa}} includes motion and movement with varyiing interpretations. As a content word, it refers to any kind of motion, either going from one place to another or keeping stationary.

⚫
{{Example
⚫
|palisa uta li <mark>tawa</mark> wawa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lipukule.org/post/2022/02/03/akesi-pi-ante-kule/|title={{tp|akesi pi ante kule}}|website={{tok|lipu kule}}|author={{tok|jan Sonja}}|date=2022|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref>
|The tongue <mark>moves</mark> quickly.
⚫
}}


===Preposition===
===Preposition===
As a preposition, {{tp|tawa}} shows destination, direction, and perspective.<ref>{{cite pu|34| 56}}</ref>
As a [[preposition]], {{tp|tawa}} prototypically refers to the movement from one place to another. By extension, it may be used to introduce a [[direct object]]. It may also refer to the perspective of the object to an action.<ref>{{cite pu|34|56}}</ref>


{{Example
{{Example
|jan Jesu li lukin pana e sona <mark>tawa</mark> ona.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://joelthomastr.github.io/tokipona/lipu-pi-jan-Luka-15_si|website={{tok|lipu pi jan Telakoman}}|title={{tp|lipu pi jan Luka}}|author={{tok|jan Telakoman}}|date=2023|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref>
| jan Jesu li lukin pana e sona <mark>tawa</mark> ona.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://joelthomastr.github.io/tokipona/lipu-pi-jan-Luka-15_si|website={{tok|lipu pi jan Telakoman}}|title={{tp|lipu pi jan Luka}}|author={{tok|jan Telakoman}}|date=2023|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref>
|Jesus sought to teach them ({{lit|to give knowledge <mark>to</mark> them}}).
| Jesus sought to teach them ({{lit|to give knowledge <mark>to</mark> them}}).
|jan [jelo e sijelo uta] li lukin pana e sona <mark>tawa</mark> ona
| jan [jelo e sijelo uta] li lukin pana e sona <mark>tawa</mark> ona
}}
}}


{{Example
{{Example
|nasin ona li pona <mark>tawa</mark> mi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wGSEiI3XlJ32YKeFRmp6U-HMKW96Ac_4/view?pli=1|title={{tp|mijomi telo}}|author={{tok|[[jan inwin]]}}|website=Google Drive|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref> <!-- This link may be susceptible to link rot. -->
| nasin ona li pona <mark>tawa</mark> mi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wGSEiI3XlJ32YKeFRmp6U-HMKW96Ac_4/view?pli=1|title={{tp|mijomi telo}}|author={{tok|[[jan inwin]]}}|website=Google Drive|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref> <!-- This link may be susceptible to link rot. -->
|I like their way of doing things. ({{lit|Their way is good <mark>to</mark> me.}})
| I like their way of doing things. ({{lit|Their way is good <mark>to</mark> me.}})
| nasin ona li pona <mark>tawa </mark> mi
}}
}}


Like all other [[prepositions]], it can be used with an object as a predicate.
Similar to prepositions, it may also be used as the main word inside the predicate.


{{Example
{{Example
|akesi li <mark>tawa</mark> ma ante.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://utala.pona.la/lipu-lili/akesi-li-wile-lon-nena.html|website={{tok|utala.pona.la}}|title={{tp|akesi li wile lon nena}}|author={{tok|jan Kita}}|date=2022|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref>
| akesi li <mark>tawa</mark> ma ante.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://utala.pona.la/lipu-lili/akesi-li-wile-lon-nena.html|website={{tok|utala.pona.la}}|title={{tp|akesi li wile lon nena}}|author={{tok|jan Kita}}|date=2022|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref>
|The lizard went to another place.
| The lizard went to another place.
| akesi li <mark>tawa </mark> ma ante
}}
}}


===Content word===
===Transitive verb===
[[File:tawae.png|300px|thumb|Difference between the phrases {{tp|mi tawa tomo}} and {{tp|mi tawa e tomo}}.]]
{{Needs work|tomo tawa mi, tawa vs. tawa e|section}}


As a [[content word]], {{tp|tawa}} describes motion or movement.
When used [[Transitivity|transitively]], {{tp|tawa}} refers to causing movement, as in moving an objet from being stationary.


{{Example
{{Example
|palisa uta li <mark>tawa</mark> wawa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lipukule.org/post/2022/02/03/akesi-pi-ante-kule/|title={{tp|akesi pi ante kule}}|website={{tok|lipu kule}}|author={{tok|jan Sonja}}|date=2022|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref>
| kon li <mark>tawa</mark> e lipu kasi lili.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lipukule.org/post/2023/04/10/lawa-monsuta//|title={{tp|lawa monsuta}}|website={{tok|lipu kule}}|author={{tok|jan Juli}}|date=2022|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref>
|The tongue <mark>moves</mark> quickly.
| The wind moves the little leaves.
| kon li <mark>tawa </mark> e lipu kasi lili
}}
}}


{{Example
{{Example
|kon li <mark>tawa</mark> e lipu kasi lili.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lipukule.org/post/2023/04/10/lawa-monsuta//|title={{tp|lawa monsuta}}|website={{tok|lipu kule}}|author={{tok|jan Juli}}|date=2022|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref>
| ilo <mark>tawa</mark> li tawa ma ante.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/lipu-suli/nasi.html|website={{tok|utala.pona.la}}|title=Nasi|author={{tok|jan Kepe}}|date=2023|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref>
⚫
| The vehicle ({{lit|tool of <mark>motion</mark>}}) went to another place.
|The wind moves the little leaves.
| ilo <mark>tawa </mark> li tawa ma ante
⚫
}}

⚫
{{Example
⚫
|ilo <mark>tawa</mark> li tawa ma ante.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/lipu-suli/nasi.html|website={{tok|utala.pona.la}}|title=Nasi|author={{tok|jan Kepe}}|date=2023|access-date=10 November 2023}}</ref>
⚫
|The vehicle ({{lit|tool of <mark>motion</mark>}}) went to another place.
}}
}}


===Preverb===
===Preverb===
{{Start section|Nonstandard}}
{{Start section|Nonstandard}}
The word {{tp|tawa}} may be used a [[preverb]] used to express the direciton of an action, as described in the {{ku|en}}.<ref name="ku9">{{cite ku|9}}</ref>
{{Needs work|2=section}}

{{Example
{{Example
|mi tawa moku e kala.<ref>{{cite ku|9}}</ref>
| mi <mark>tawa</mark> moku e kala.<ref>{{cite ku|9}}</ref>
|I'll go eat seafood.
| I'll go eat seafood.
| mi <mark>tawa </mark> moku e kala
}}
}}
{{End section}}
{{End section}}
Line 71: Line 77:


=={{tp|sitelen pona}}==
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}==
{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| width = 100px
| image1 = Abydos-Bold-hieroglyph-D54.png
| alt1 = Egyptian hieroglyph of legs facing left
| image2 = Abydos-Bold-hieroglyph-D55.png
| alt2 = Egyptian hieroglyph of legs facing right
| footer = Egyptian hieroglyphs for legs facing backward and forward
}}

The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|tawa}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|tawa}}}}) represents two legs moving towards the right, following the direction of the text. It can be written with many minor variations, such as whether one or both feet are flat (as though against the ground), angled, or curved. The glyph is a mirror image of {{tp|[[kama]]}} ({{sp|kama}}) and also similar to {{tp|[[awen]]}} ({{sp|awen}}).
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|tawa}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|tawa}}}}) represents two legs moving towards the right, following the direction of the text. It can be written with many minor variations, such as whether one or both feet are flat (as though against the ground), angled, or curved. The glyph is a mirror image of {{tp|[[kama]]}} ({{sp|kama}}) and also similar to {{tp|[[awen]]}} ({{sp|awen}}).


According to {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}}, the design was likely inspired by {{w|Ancient Egypt|ancient}} {{w|Egyptian language|Egyptian}} {{w|hieroglyph}}s,<ref>{{cite Discord|url=//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/340307145373253642/874437838094082149|channel={{tok|pali-musi}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|author={{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}}|username=sonjalang|access-date=2024-06-30|quote=i think my {{tok|tawa}} was inspired by ancient egyptian}}</ref> presumably those of {{w|Legs-forward (hieroglyph)|walking legs}} ({{wikt|𓂻}}, {{wikt|𓂽}}). The {{tp|sitelen pona}} glyphs resembling them have been reanalyzed as containing a leg [[Radicals in sitelen pona|radical]].
According to {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}}, the design was likely inspired by {{w|Ancient Egypt|ancient}} {{w|Egyptian language|Egyptian}} {{w|hieroglyph}}s,<ref>{{cite Discord|url=//discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/340307145373253642/874437838094082149|channel={{tok|pali-musi}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|author={{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}}|username=sonjalang|access-date=2024-06-30|quote=i think my {{tok|tawa}} was inspired by ancient egyptian}}</ref> presumably those of {{w|Legs-forward (hieroglyph)|walking legs}} (Gardiner {{w|List of Egyptian hieroglyphs#D54|D54}} and {{w|List of Egyptian hieroglyphs#D55|D55}}, respectively). The {{tp|sitelen pona}} glyphs resembling them have been since reanalyzed as sharing a leg [[Radicals in sitelen pona|radical]].


=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}==
=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}==

Revision as of 11:40, 1 July 2024

tawa in sitelen pona
tawa in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /ˈta.wa/
Usage 2023: Core (100% ↗︎ )2022: Core (99%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Preposition, content word
Codepoint 󱥩 U+F1969

tawa is a core content word and preposition relating to motion, direction, purpose, and perspective.

Etymology

The word tawa is derived from English towards.[1]

Semantic space

The semantic space of tawa includes motion and movement with varyiing interpretations. As a content word, it refers to any kind of motion, either going from one place to another or keeping stationary.

palisa uta li tawa wawa　

palisa uta li tawa wawa.[2]

The tongue moves quickly.

Preposition

As a preposition, tawa prototypically refers to the movement from one place to another. By extension, it may be used to introduce a direct object. It may also refer to the perspective of the object to an action.[3]

jan [jelo e sijelo uta] li lukin pana e sona tawa ona

jan Jesu li lukin pana e sona tawa ona.[4]

Jesus sought to teach them (lit. 'to give knowledge to them').

nasin ona li pona tawa mi

nasin ona li pona tawa mi.[5]

I like their way of doing things. (lit. 'Their way is good to me.')

Similar to prepositions, it may also be used as the main word inside the predicate.

akesi li tawa ma ante

akesi li tawa ma ante.[6]

The lizard went to another place.

Transitive verb

Difference between the phrases mi tawa tomo and mi tawa e tomo.

When used transitively, tawa refers to causing movement, as in moving an objet from being stationary.

kon li tawa e lipu kasi lili

kon li tawa e lipu kasi lili.[7]

The wind moves the little leaves.

ilo tawa li tawa ma ante

ilo tawa li tawa ma ante.[8]

The vehicle (lit. 'tool of motion') went to another place.

Preverb

Caution: The subject of this section is nonstandard and will not be understood by most speakers.
If you are a learner, this information will not help you speak the language. It is recommended to familiarize yourself with the standard style, and to be informed and selective about which nonstandard styles you adopt.

The word tawa may be used a preverb used to express the direciton of an action, as described in the Toki Pona Dictionary.[9]

mi tawa moku e kala

mi tawa moku e kala.[10]

I'll go eat seafood.

pu

In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines tawa as:

PREPOSITION  going to, toward; for; from the perspective of
ADJECTIVE  moving

ku

For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as tawa:[11]

move5, go5, toward5, motion5, movement5, towards5, to5, for5, transit4, travel4, transportation3, trip3, walk3, advance3, onto3, transport3, pass3, walking3, migration3, departure3, from the perspective of3, push3, march2, slide2, proceed2, forth2, drift2, according to2, mobile2, until2, transfer2, cross2, till2, approach2, forward2, momentum2, attend2, progress2

sitelen pona

Egyptian hieroglyph of legs facing left
Egyptian hieroglyph of legs facing right
Egyptian hieroglyphs for legs facing backward and forward

The sitelen pona glyph for tawa (󱥩) represents two legs moving towards the right, following the direction of the text. It can be written with many minor variations, such as whether one or both feet are flat (as though against the ground), angled, or curved. The glyph is a mirror image of kama (kama) and also similar to awen (awen).

According to jan Sonja, the design was likely inspired by ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs,[12] presumably those of walking legs (Gardiner D54 and D55, respectively). The sitelen pona glyphs resembling them have been since reanalyzed as sharing a leg radical.

sitelen sitelen

Under construction: This section is empty. You can help us by adding to it.

References

  1. ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
  2. ↑ jan Sonja. (3 July 2022). "akesi pi ante kule". lipu kule. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  3. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (25 May 2014). pu (in 56). Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292300. OCLC 921253340. p. 34.
  4. ↑ jan Telakoman. (3 July 2023). "lipu pi jan Luka". lipu pi jan Telakoman. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  5. ↑ jan inwin. "mijomi telo". Google Drive. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  6. ↑ jan Kita. (3 July 2022). "akesi li wile lon nena". utala.pona.la. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  7. ↑ jan Juli. (3 July 2022). "lawa monsuta". lipu kule. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  8. ↑ jan Kepe. (3 July 2023). "Nasi". utala.pona.la. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  9. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 9.
  10. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 9.
  11. ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. pp. 356–357.
  12. ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (9 August 2021). [Message posted in the #pali-musi channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server]. Discord. Retrieved 30 June 2024. "i think my tawa was inspired by ancient egyptian".

Further reading

Parts of speech Content words (Roles · Prepositions · Preverbs · Names · Numbers) · Particles (Semiparticles) · Interjections
Usage Book presence (nimi pu · nimi ku) · Eras (pre-pu · post-pu · post-ku) · Usage categories · nimi sin · Synonyms · Reserved words · Place and language names
Core words a · akesi · ala · alasa · ale / ali · anpa · ante · anu · awen · e · en · esun · ijo · ike · ilo · insa · jaki · jan · jelo · jo · kala · kalama · kama · kasi · ken · kepeken · kili · kiwen · ko · kon · kule · kulupu · kute · la · lape · laso · lawa · len · lete · li · lili · linja · lipu · loje · lon · luka · lukin · lupa · ma · mama · mani · mi · moku · moli · monsi · mu · mun · musi · mute · nanpa · nasa · nasin · nena · ni · nimi · noka · o · olin · ona · open · pakala · pali · palisa · pan · pana · pi · pilin · pimeja · pini · pipi · poka · poki · pona · pu · sama · seli · selo · seme · sewi · sijelo · sike · sin · sina · sinpin · sitelen · sona · soweli · suli · suno · supa · suwi · tan · taso · tawa · telo · tenpo · toki · tomo · tu · unpa · uta · utala · walo · wan · waso · wawa · weka · wile
Common words kijetesantakalu · kin · kipisi · ku · leko · meli · mije · misikeke · monsuta · n · namako · soko · tonsi
Uncommon words epiku · jasima · kokosila · lanpan · linluwi · majuna · meso · nimisin · oko
Resources Dictionaries · Glossary · Cognates · Glosses · Minimal pairs
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